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		<title>Ghid fiscal Cipru pentru români: rezidență non-dom și dividende 0% (2026)</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/ghid-fiscal-cipru-romania-2026/</link>
		
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Impozitul pe dividende a crescut la 16%. Ghid 2026: rezidența fiscală în Cipru, regimul non-dom cu 0% pe dividende, regula celor 60 de zile și pașii corecți.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/ghid-fiscal-cipru-romania-2026/">Ghid fiscal Cipru pentru români: rezidență non-dom și dividende 0% (2026)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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<div class="g-lang"><a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-romanian-nationals-the-2026-guide/" rel="alternate" hreflang="en" lang="en" title="English version of the 2026 guide"><span class="g-flagbadge">EN</span>English version</a></div>

<div class="g-hero">
  <h1>Impozitul pe dividende s-a dublat. Ciprul a rămas la 0%.</h1>
  <p class="sub">Ghidul complet 2026 pentru antreprenorii și investitorii români: rezidența fiscală în Cipru, regimul non-dom, regula celor 60 de zile — și pașii corecți, în ordinea corectă. În UE, la 90 de minute de București.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=instagram&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=ro_guide">Programează o consultație</a>
  <a class="g-cta secondary" href="tel:+35724633600">Sună la +357 24 633 600</a>
  <div class="g-trust">Firmă de avocatură din Cipru &middot; fondată în 1974 &middot; reglementată de Baroul din Cipru</div>
</div>

<div class="g-note">Material informativ — nu constituie consultanță juridică sau fiscală. <a href="#disclaimer">Vezi nota completă &darr;</a></div><p class="g-fine" style="margin:10px 0 0">Publicat de <strong>ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</strong> — casă de avocatură din Larnaca, Cipru, fondată în 1974 și înscrisă în Baroul din Cipru. Publicat: <time datetime="2026-07-07">7 iulie 2026</time> · ultima verificare față de surse primare: <time datetime="2026-09-07">7 septembrie 2026</time>.</p>

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<p class="g-video-cap">Urmărește — 60 de secunde</p>
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<p>Din 1 ianuarie 2026, impozitul pe dividende în România este <strong>16%</strong> — dublu față de 2024. Plafonul pentru microîntreprinderi a scăzut la <strong>100.000 €</strong>. Impozitul pe câștigurile de capital a crescut și el. În același timp, Ciprul — stat membru UE — oferă rezidenților nedomiciliați (<em>non-dom</em>) <strong>0% pe dividendele din întreaga lume</strong>, 0% pe câștigurile din titluri de valoare și zero impozit pe moștenire. Acest ghid explică exact ce presupune mutarea, cu cifre verificate și fără promisiuni exagerate.</p>

<div class="g-toc"><strong>Ce găsești în acest ghid</strong>
  <a href="#s1">De ce acum</a> &middot; <a href="#s2">Ce impozitează România în 2026</a> &middot; <a href="#s3">Comparația pe 100 €</a> &middot; <a href="#s4">Ce oferă Ciprul</a> &middot; <a href="#s5">Regula celor 60 de zile</a> &middot; <a href="#s6">Plecarea corectă din România</a> &middot; <a href="#s7">Substanță economică</a> &middot; <a href="#s8">Convenția RO–CY</a> &middot; <a href="#s9">Patru exemple concrete</a> &middot; <a href="#s10">Viața în Cipru</a> &middot; <a href="#s11">Pașii de imigrare</a> &middot; <a href="#s12">Ordinea corectă</a> &middot; <a href="#faq">Întrebări frecvente</a>
</div>

<h2>Pe scurt — ce acoperă acest articol</h2>
<ul>
  <li>Scoaterea profitului dintr-un <em>SRL</em> obișnuit costă fondatorul aproximativ <strong>29,4%</strong> — 16% impozit pe profit, apoi 16% impozit pe dividende pe ce rămâne (plus CASS, plafonat).</li>
  <li>Impozitul pe dividende <strong>s-a dublat în doi ani</strong>: 8% în 2024, 10% în 2025, <strong>16% de la 1 ianuarie 2026</strong> (Legea 141/2025).</li>
  <li>Regimul de microîntreprindere a fost restrâns la un plafon de <strong>100.000 €</strong> cifră de afaceri din 2026 — față de 500.000 € acum câțiva ani.</li>
  <li>Din 2026 au crescut și impozitele pe câștigurile de capital: <strong>16%</strong> la vânzări directe, 3%/6% prin intermediari români.</li>
  <li>Ciprul oferă <strong>0% contribuție specială pentru apărare (SDC) pe dividendele și dobânzile din întreaga lume</strong> pentru rezidenții non-dom care se califică — până la 27 de ani (se aplică GESY și circumstanțele individuale).</li>
  <li>Ciprul are <strong>0% impozit pe câștigurile din titluri de valoare</strong>, <strong>zero impozit pe moștenire</strong> și o rută de rezidență fiscală de doar 60 de zile, dacă sunt îndeplinite condițiile.</li>
  <li>Spre deosebire de Polonia sau Germania, <strong>România nu are exit tax pentru persoane fizice</strong> — drumul este deschis. Dar ruperea rezidenței trebuie să fie reală, chestionarul ANAF trebuie depus, iar o companie cipriotă are nevoie de substanță economică reală.</li>
</ul>

<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Concluzia, de la început:</strong> Ciprul este o opțiune foarte serioasă pentru fondatorii români care distribuie profituri, pentru antreprenorii care pregătesc o vânzare (exit), pentru investitorii cu portofolii și pentru pensionarii cu pensii din străinătate. Lipsa unui exit tax pentru persoane fizice face drumul mai curat decât pentru majoritatea europenilor — dar ruperea rezidenței trebuie să fie autentică, procedura ANAF respectată, iar structura cipriotă construită cu substanță.</p>
<p><strong>Cine se poate opri din citit aici:</strong> angajații cu salariu fix, fără participații în companii, fără portofoliu de investiții și fără mobilitate — și proprietarii de microîntreprinderi confortabil sub 100.000 €, pentru care regimul de 1% plus impozitul pe dividende rămâne greu de bătut la scara respectivă.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s1"><span class="num">1</span>De ce se uită antreprenorii români spre Cipru în 2026</h2>
<p>România a construit o generație de antreprenori pe impozite mici și simple: cota unică de 16%, dividende la 8% (cândva 5%) și celebrul regim de microîntreprindere cu 1–3% pe cifra de afaceri. Între 2023 și 2026, această arhitectură a fost demontată bucată cu bucată — nu ca politică abstractă, ci în cifre pe care orice fondator le vede în propria contabilitate.</p>
<h3>Impozitul pe dividende s-a dublat în doi ani</h3>
<p>Dividendele erau impozitate cu 8% în 2024. Legea 141/2025 (Monitorul Oficial, 25 iulie 2025) a majorat cota de la 10% la <strong>16% pentru dividendele distribuite de la 1 ianuarie 2026</strong>. Împreună cu impozitul pe profit de 16%, un fondator de SRL pierde acum aproximativ 29,4% din profitul distribuit — înainte de CASS.</p>
<h3>Microîntreprinderea a rămas o umbră a ceea ce a fost</h3>
<p>Plafonul a coborât de la 500.000 € la 250.000 € (2025) și la <strong>100.000 € din 2026</strong>. OUG 8/2026 a clarificat modul de calcul al plafonului (pe baza cifrei de afaceri), dar direcția este clară: regimul care a făcut faimos antreprenoriatul românesc acoperă acum doar afacerile foarte mici. Cine depășește plafonul plătește 16% + 16%.</p>
<h3>Totul a crescut în același timp</h3>
<p>TVA-ul standard a urcat de la 19% la <strong>21%</strong> în august 2025. Impozitele pe câștigurile de capital au crescut din 2026 — 16% la vânzări directe, 3%/6% prin intermediari români. Plafonul CASS pentru activități independente a urcat de la 60 la 72 de salarii minime, iar salariul minim continuă să crească (4.050 lei, apoi 4.325 lei din iulie 2026). Fiecare măsură poate fi apărată separat; împreună, au schimbat aritmetica de a face business din România.</p>

<h2 id="s2"><span class="num">2</span>Ce impozitează România, concret, în 2026?</h2>
<div class="g-warn"><strong>Notă:</strong> cotele de mai jos sunt orientative, la nivelul lunii iulie 2026. Legislația fiscală românească s-a schimbat repetat din 2023 și noi pachete sunt posibile. Nu luați nicio decizie pe baza acestor cifre fără o analiză individuală, actualizată, de la un consultant fiscal autorizat.</div>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Element</th><th scope="col">Situația 2026</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Impozit pe venit</strong></td><td>10% cotă unică</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Impozit pe dividende (persoane fizice)</strong></td><td><strong>16%</strong> pentru dividendele distribuite de la 1 ianuarie 2026 (10% în 2025, 8% în 2024). Regulă tranzitorie: dividendele distribuite pe baza situațiilor financiare interimare aferente anului 2025 păstrează cota de 10% și nu se recalculează</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Impozit pe profit</strong></td><td>16% standard</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Microîntreprindere</strong></td><td>1% din cifra de afaceri; plafon <strong>100.000 €</strong> din 2026 (calcul clarificat prin OUG 8/2026)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Câștiguri de capital (persoane fizice)</strong></td><td><strong>16%</strong> la transferuri directe din 2026; 3% (deținere &ge;365 zile) / 6% (&lt;365 zile) prin intermediari români</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>CASS pe dividende / venituri din investiții</strong></td><td>10%, datorat peste 6 salarii minime pe an; bază plafonată la 6/12/24 salarii minime (maxim &asymp; 9.700–10.400 lei/an &asymp; 2.000 €)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>CASS activități independente</strong></td><td>10%, plafon majorat la <strong>72</strong> de salarii minime pentru 2026</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>CAS (pensie, independenți)</strong></td><td>25% la bazele legale (12/24 salarii minime)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Moștenire</strong></td><td>Fără impozit pe moștenire propriu-zis; taxă notarială de 1% pe imobile dacă succesiunea se finalizează după 2 ani</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Exit tax (persoane fizice)</strong></td><td><strong>Nu există un exit tax general</strong> pentru persoane fizice la schimbarea rezidenței. Exit tax-ul ATAD (16%) aparține cadrului impozitului pe profit și se aplică societăților și sediilor permanente, nu persoanelor fizice care se mută în străinătate</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>TVA standard</strong></td><td>21% din august 2025 — doar pentru context</td></tr>
</table>

<h2 id="s3"><span class="num">3</span>Cifra care pornește toată discuția</h2>
<p>Urmărește 100 € de profit din contabilitatea unui SRL obișnuit până în contul personal al fondatorului.</p>
<div class="g-flow">
  <div class="g-flowcard ro">
    <span class="g-flagbadge">RO</span> <strong>România (SRL standard)</strong>
    <div class="big">&asymp; 70,56 €</div>
    <div>ajung la fondator</div>
    <div class="g-bar"><i style="width:70.5%"></i></div>
    <div class="steps">100 € profit<br>– 16% impozit pe profit &rarr; 84,00 €<br>– 16% impozit pe dividende &rarr; –13,44 €<br><strong>Efectiv &asymp; 29,4%</strong> (+ CASS, plafonat)</div>
  </div>
  <div class="g-flowcard cy">
    <span class="g-flagbadge">CY</span> <strong>Cipru (rezident non-dom)</strong>
    <div class="big">&asymp; 85,00 €</div>
    <div>ajung la fondator</div>
    <div class="g-bar"><i style="width:85%"></i></div>
    <div class="steps">100 € profit<br>– 15% impozit pe profit &rarr; 85,00 €<br>– 0% SDC pentru non-dom calificat<br><strong>Efectiv &asymp; 15%</strong> (înainte de GESY / ajustări)</div>
  </div>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Doar cu titlu orientativ. O microîntreprindere sub 100.000 € stă considerabil mai bine pe partea românească, la scară mică. Nu include detaliile CASS, deductibilități, momentul distribuirii, poziția din convenție, substanța companiei și circumstanțele individuale. Pe partea cipriotă se aplică GESY și circumstanțele individuale. Nu constituie consultanță fiscală.</p>

<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Element</th><th scope="col">România</th><th scope="col">Cipru non-dom</th></tr>
<tr><td>Dividende / extragerea profitului</td><td>~29,4% combinat (16% + 16%)</td><td>15% impozit pe profit + 0% SDC</td></tr>
<tr><td>Câștiguri de capital (titluri)</td><td>16% direct / 3–6% prin broker</td><td>0%</td></tr>
<tr><td>Impozit pe moștenire</td><td>0% (taxă 1% pe imobile, dacă e târziu)</td><td>0%</td></tr>
<tr><td>Prag de rezidență</td><td>183 de zile / centrul intereselor vitale</td><td>rută de 60 de zile disponibilă</td></tr>
<tr><td>Exit tax la plecare</td><td>Nu există pentru persoane fizice</td><td>—</td></tr>
</table>
<p class="g-fine">Orientativ. Rezultatul individual depinde de structură, de calitatea ruperii rezidenței și de situația de fapt. Nu constituie consultanță fiscală.</p>

<div class="g-ctabox">
  <h3>Vrei aceste calcule pe situația ta concretă?</h3>
  <p>O consultație de 30 de minute îți spune dacă mutarea are sens — înainte să te angajezi la orice.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=instagram&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=ro_guide">Programează o consultație &rarr;</a>
</div>

<h2 id="s4"><span class="num">4</span>Ce oferă Ciprul cetățenilor români?</h2><p><strong>Pe scurt:</strong> un rezident fiscal cipriot nedomiciliat (<em>non-dom</em>) care îndeplinește condițiile plătește <strong>0% contribuție specială pentru apărare (SDC) pe dividendele și dobânzile din întreaga lume</strong> — până la 27 de ani. Impozitul pe profit este <strong>15%</strong> de la 1 ianuarie 2026, câștigurile din titluri de valoare se impozitează cu <strong>0%</strong>, iar impozit pe moștenire nu există. Există și o rută de rezidență fiscală de <strong>60 de zile</strong>, dacă sunt îndeplinite condițiile legale. Se aplică GESY și circumstanțele individuale. Tabelul de mai jos detaliază poziția pentru 2026.</p>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Beneficiu</th><th scope="col">Situația 2026</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Non-dom — dividende și dobânzi</strong></td><td>0% SDC (contribuția specială pentru apărare) pe dividendele și dobânzile din întreaga lume, timp de 17 ani (se aplică GESY și circumstanțele individuale). După cei 17 ani se consideră că ai dobândit domiciliul cipriot, dar poți opta atunci pentru <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">metoda alternativă de impunere a SDC</a>, în temeiul art. 3D din Legea privind contribuția specială pentru apărare și al circularei 02/2026: două perioade consecutive de câte cinci ani, cu 250.000 € fiecare, până la 27 de ani în total. Cererea se depune pe formularul TD 631 până la 30 iunie al primului an din fiecare perioadă, iar opțiunea este irevocabilă</td></tr><tr><td><strong>SDC — rezidenți domiciliați (dividende)</strong></td><td>Redusă de la 17% la 5% pentru dividendele plătite din profituri obținute de la 1 ianuarie 2026, pentru persoanele fizice rezidente fiscal <em>și domiciliate</em> în Cipru — o categorie separată de cota de 0% pentru non-dom de mai sus, care rămâne neschimbată</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Rezidență fiscală — ruta de 60 de zile</strong></td><td>Disponibilă dacă sunt îndeplinite toate cele patru condiții legale (de la 1 ianuarie 2026; vechea a cincea condiție a fost eliminată)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Rezidență fiscală — ruta de 183 de zile</strong></td><td>Alternativa standard; mai simplu de probat</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Tranșe impozit pe venit</strong></td><td>0% până la 22.000 €; 20% până la 32.000 €; 25% până la 42.000 €; 30% până la 72.000 €; 35% peste 72.000 €</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Impozit pe profit</strong></td><td>15% (majorat de la 12,5% în ianuarie 2026)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Câștiguri din titluri de valoare</strong></td><td>0%</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Impozit pe moștenire</strong></td><td>Nu există (abolit în 2000)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Pensii din străinătate</strong></td><td>Pot fi impozitate, la alegere, cu 5% peste o scutire anuală de 5.000 € (pot exista opțiuni și aspecte de convenție/sursă)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Dividende/dobânzi plătite în afară</strong></td><td>În general, 0% impozit prin reținere la sursă</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Scutirea de 50% pe salarii</strong></td><td>Conform <strong>art. 8(23A)</strong>: 50% din venitul salarial obținut în Cipru este scutit dacă remunerația anuală depășește 55.000 €, pentru maximum 17 ani, cu condiția nerezidenței prealabile. Scutirea se păstrează la schimbarea angajatorului</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Sistemul general de sănătate (GESY)</strong></td><td>2,65% pe dividende, dobânzi și chirii pentru rezidenți; contribuțiile sunt plafonate odată ce venitul total atinge 180.000 € — aproximativ 4.770 € pe an</td></tr><tr><td><strong>IP Box</strong></td><td>Efectiv ~3% pe veniturile eligibile din proprietate intelectuală (deducere de 80% aplicată cotei de 15% — față de ~2,5% când impozitul pe profit era 12,5%)</td></tr>
</table>
<p class="g-fine">Surse: legea cipriotă de reformă fiscală, adoptată la 22 decembrie 2025 și publicată în Monitorul Oficial la 31 decembrie 2025, aplicabilă de la 1 ianuarie 2026; Legea impozitului pe venit și Legea privind contribuția specială pentru apărare din Cipru, cu modificările ulterioare; <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Departamentul Fiscal cipriot — rezidență fiscală și domiciliu</a>; <a href="https://www.pwc.com.cy/en/publications/direct-tax-updates-2026/dtu-n1-2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">PwC Cyprus, Direct Tax Update N-1/2026</a>.</p>

<h2 id="s5"><span class="num">5</span>Regula celor 60 de zile: ce trebuie să știe românii</h2><p><strong>Rezidența fiscală în Cipru încheie automat rezidența fiscală din România? Nu.</strong> România își stabilește propria rezidență, independent — prin domiciliu, prin centrul intereselor vitale sau prin depășirea a 183 de zile petrecute în România. O rupere curată cere chestionarul ANAF de plecare și mutarea reală a centrului vieții tale, nu doar documente cipriote.</p>
<p>Ciprul oferă una dintre cele mai flexibile rute legale de rezidență fiscală din UE, inclusiv o rută de 60 de zile, dacă sunt îndeplinite condițiile. De la 1 ianuarie 2026, regula are patru condiții — vechea a cincea condiție („să nu fii rezident fiscal în altă parte”) a fost eliminată.</p>
<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Regula cipriotă a celor 60 de zile — patru condiții (de la 1 ianuarie 2026)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Minimum 60 de zile petrecute în Cipru în anul calendaristic</li>
<li>Maximum 183 de zile în oricare alt stat, luat individual</li>
<li>O locuință permanentă în Cipru — proprietate sau chirie — menținută tot anul</li>
<li>O legătură activă cu Ciprul: afacere, angajare sau funcție de administrator</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Sursă: <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Departamentul Fiscal cipriot — rezidență fiscală și domiciliu</a>, unde sunt prezentate și regula celor 183 de zile, modul de calcul al zilelor și regula domiciliului prezumat după 17 din ultimii 20 de ani.</p><p><strong>Capcana este pe partea românească.</strong> România își stabilește propria rezidență fiscală în mod independent. Rămâi în raza ANAF prin domiciliu, prin centrul intereselor vitale — familie, locuință, legături economice — sau dacă petreci peste 183 de zile în România.</p>
<p>O rupere curată a rezidenței românești cere acțiune reală: mutarea centrului intereselor vitale spre Cipru, depunerea <em>chestionarului pentru stabilirea rezidenței fiscale la plecarea din România</em> înainte de plecare și obținerea certificatului de rezidență fiscală cipriot. Faptul că Ciprul te acceptă ca rezident nu înseamnă, de la sine, că România îți dă drumul.</p>

<h2 id="s6"><span class="num">6</span>Plecarea corectă din România: fără exit tax, dar cu procedură</h2>
<p>Aici românii au un avantaj real față de polonezi sau germani: <strong>România nu are exit tax pentru persoane fizice</strong>. Nu există vânzare fictivă a părților sociale la plecare, nu se impozitează câștigul „pe hârtie&#8221;, nu există praguri de modelat. Exit tax-ul ATAD (16%) se aplică doar companiilor și sediilor permanente care își transferă active sau rezidența în străinătate.</p>
<p>Asta nu transformă plecarea într-o formalitate. Trei lucruri contează în continuare:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Chestionarul ANAF de plecare — și termenul lui.</strong> Rezidentul fiscal român care va petrece mai mult de 183 de zile în străinătate trebuie să depună chestionarul de plecare, formularul ANAF <a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/Declaratii_R/Z017.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Z017</strong></a> (<em>Chestionar pentru stabilirea rezidenței fiscale a persoanei fizice la plecarea din România</em>), la organul fiscal competent de la domiciliul din România, <strong>cu 30 de zile înaintea plecării</strong> — nu după. ANAF se pronunță apoi asupra statutului tău. Depunerea cu întârziere, sau deloc, lasă situația ta românească ambiguă — exact opusul a ceea ce vrei.</li>
<li><strong>Testul centrului intereselor vitale.</strong> Dacă familia, locuința și interesele economice principale rămân în România, ANAF te poate trata în continuare ca rezident fiscal român, indiferent de actele cipriote. Decide atunci regula de departajare din convenție (locuință &rarr; interese vitale &rarr; ședere obișnuită &rarr; cetățenie) — pe baza faptelor.</li>
<li><strong>Veniturile din surse românești.</strong> Veniturile care iau naștere în România (chirii, dividende românești, activitate locală) rămân, în general, impozabile în România conform convenției, chiar și după o mutare valabilă.</li>
</ol>
<div class="g-warn"><strong>Important:</strong> Un exit tax <em>la nivel de companie</em> poate apărea dacă societatea ta românească își mută active, funcții sau locul conducerii efective în străinătate. Mutarea ta și mutarea companiei sunt decizii diferite, cu consecințe fiscale diferite — planifică-le separat, cu consultanță pe ambele părți.</div>

<h2 id="s7"><span class="num">7</span>Substanța economică și locul conducerii efective</h2>
<p>Regulile CFC din România operează la nivel de companie (ATAD), iar practica fiscală românească analizează tot mai atent structurile străine deținute de rezidenți. Două riscuri domină:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Locul conducerii efective</strong> — o companie cipriotă ale cărei decizii reale se iau toate la București riscă să fie tratată ca rezident fiscal român, indiferent unde este înmatriculată.</li>
<li><strong>Aranjamentele artificiale</strong> — o firmă-cutie-poștală care doar colectează dividende, dobânzi sau redevențe, fără activitate reală în spate, invită la contestare pe baza regulilor generale anti-abuz.</li>
</ul>
<p>Răspunsul este substanța: management real și decizii autentice luate în Cipru, cu oameni, sediu și activitate pe măsura rolului companiei — și, ideal, cu acționarul mutat efectiv în Cipru. O companie cipriotă administrată prin telefon din România este un risc de conformitate, nu o soluție fiscală.</p>

<h2 id="s8"><span class="num">8</span>Convenția de evitare a dublei impuneri România–Cipru</h2>
<p>România și Ciprul au o convenție de evitare a dublei impuneri în vigoare din 1981 (modificată prin MLI). Odată ce rezidența ta fiscală românească a încetat în mod real, iar departajarea din convenție se rezolvă în favoarea Ciprului, România ar trebui, în general, să nu te mai impoziteze pe venitul mondial. Punctele practice esențiale:</p>
<ul>
<li>Dividendele plătite de companii românești unui rezident cipriot: plafon de 10% în convenție (5% pentru participații corporative de minimum 10%). Cota internă de 16% se reduce corespunzător când convenția este invocată corect — este necesar certificatul de rezidență fiscală cipriot.</li>
<li>Ciprul nu reține impozit la sursă pe dividendele sau dobânzile plătite nerezidenților, iar non-domii nu plătesc SDC pe dividendele primite.</li>
<li><strong>Dobânzi și redevențe.</strong> Convenția limitează impozitul în statul sursă la 10% pentru dobânzi și la 5% pentru redevențe, în fiecare caz pentru beneficiarul efectiv și dacă venitul nu este atribuibil unui sediu permanent din România.</li><li>Pentru că există convenție, regula din <strong>art. 59 alin. (2) din Codul fiscal</strong> — care menține impozitarea pe venitul mondial în România în anul plecării și în următorii trei ani calendaristici, atunci când persoana se mută într-un stat <em>fără</em> convenție — <strong>nu se aplică</strong> la o mutare în Cipru.</li>
</ul>
<div class="g-warn"><strong>Important:</strong> MLI se aplică acestei convenții începând cu <strong>1 ianuarie 2023</strong>, atât pentru impozitele reținute la sursă, cât și pentru perioadele impozabile care încep la această dată sau după, și adaugă un <strong>test al scopului principal</strong>: beneficiile convenției pot fi refuzate dacă obținerea lor a fost unul dintre scopurile principale ale aranjamentului. Verificați textul consolidat al convenției, inclusiv efectele MLI, înainte de a vă baza pe o anumită cotă sau pe un anumit articol.</div>

<h2 id="s9"><span class="num">9</span>Patru exemple concrete</h2>
<p class="g-fine"><em>Ilustrații orientative.</em> Arată direcția și ordinul de mărime al diferențelor potențiale — nu situația fiscală a unei persoane anume. Rezultatele reale depind de contribuții sociale, CASS, deductibilități, momentul operațiunilor, poziția din convenție, calitatea ruperii rezidenței, substanța companiei și circumstanțele individuale. Nimic de aici nu constituie consultanță fiscală.</p>

<h3>Exemplul 1 — Fondator de SRL: 200.000 € profit de distribuit</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">România</th><th scope="col">Cipru (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Impozit pe profit la 200.000 €</td><td>16% &rarr; 32.000 €</td><td>15% &rarr; 30.000 €</td></tr>
<tr><td>Dividende / distribuire</td><td>16% pe 168.000 € &asymp; 26.880 €</td><td>0% SDC pentru non-dom calificat</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sănătate / social</td><td>CASS 10%, plafonat (max &asymp; 2.000 €)</td><td>GESY, modest și plafonat</td></tr>
<tr><td>Net la fondator (aprox.)</td><td>&asymp; 141.000 €</td><td>&asymp; 170.000 € (înainte de GESY / ajustări)</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>Diferența anuală este de ordinul a 25.000–30.000 € pentru o companie standard</strong> — recurentă, în fiecare an în care se distribuie profit. Sub regulile de dinainte de 2026, diferența era cam jumătate: majorarea impozitului pe dividende a schimbat calculul.</p>

<h3>Exemplul 2 — Contractor IT / freelancer: 120.000 € pe an</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">România</th><th scope="col">Cipru (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Povară efectivă orientativă</td><td>PFA: ~18–25% (10% impozit + CAS 25% și CASS 10% la baze plafonate); micro-SRL nu mai e disponibil peste 100.000 € cifră de afaceri</td><td>Potențial semnificativ mai mică acolo unde se aplică scutirea de 50% peste 55.000 € — orientativ, impozit efectiv de o singură cifră, plus asigurări sociale și GESY</td></tr>
<tr><td>Baza de rezidență</td><td>Domiciliu / 183 zile / interese vitale</td><td>Ruta de 60 de zile (4 condiții)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Evenimentul-cheie 2026</td><td>Ieșirea din regimul micro la 100.000 €</td><td>Scutirea de 50% poate fi aplicabilă peste 55.000 €</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>La acest nivel, oportunitatea depinde de structură și de fapte.</strong> Riscul principal este o rupere incompletă a rezidenței românești: o bază în Cipru folosită câteva săptămâni pe an, în timp ce viața rămâne la București sau la Cluj, nu mută rezidența.</p>

<h3>Exemplul 3 — Fondator care pregătește vânzarea: părți sociale de 5 milioane €</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">România</th><th scope="col">Cipru (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>La plecare</td><td>Fără exit tax individual — fără vânzare fictivă</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>Vânzarea efectivă, ulterior</td><td>16% dacă ești încă rezident român (vânzare directă) &rarr; până la 800.000 € la un câștig de 5 mil. €</td><td>0% pe câștigurile din titluri de valoare</td></tr>
<tr><td>Efectul net</td><td>Momentul schimbării rezidenței față de vânzare este decisiv</td><td>0% SDC / 0% CGT recurent, odată rezident în mod real</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>Acesta este exemplul în care ordinea contează cel mai mult — în favoarea românilor.</strong> Fără exit tax, un fondator care se mută în mod real <em>înainte</em> de vânzare poate realiza câștigul ca rezident cipriot, la 0%. Dar mutarea trebuie să fie reală și așezată înainte de tranzacție: o schimbare de rezidență făcută cu câteva săptămâni înaintea unei vânzări deja negociate invită la contestare pe reguli anti-abuz. Planifică un interval real, documentat — cu consultanță pe ambele părți.</p>

<h3>Exemplul 4 — Pensionar / investitor pasiv: pensie de 60.000 € + 40.000 € venituri din investiții</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">România</th><th scope="col">Cipru (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Pensia de 60.000 €</td><td>Tratamentul depinde de tipul pensiei, sursă și convenție (10% peste deducerea lunară pentru pensiile românești)</td><td>Regim electiv: 5% peste 5.000 € &asymp; 2.750 €</td></tr>
<tr><td>Investiții 40.000 €</td><td>16% pe dividende; 16% (sau 3–6% prin broker) pe câștiguri; CASS plafonat</td><td>0% SDC pe dividende/dobânzi (GESY se aplică, plafonat); 0% pe câștigurile din titluri</td></tr>
<tr><td>Moștenire</td><td>Fără impozit, dar taxă de 1% pe imobile dacă succesiunea se finalizează târziu</td><td>0% impozit pe moștenire — fără capcane de termen</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>Pentru averea pasivă, diferența recurentă se compune în timp.</strong> Majorările din 2026 lovesc exact acest profil — dividende și câștiguri — în timp ce Ciprul le lasă neatinse pentru non-domii care se califică.</p>

<div class="g-ctabox">
  <h3>Care exemplu seamănă cel mai mult cu situația ta?</h3>
  <p>Spune-ne unde te afli și îți construim harta completă: ieșirea din România și intrarea în Cipru — pas cu pas, pe înțeles.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=instagram&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=ro_guide">Programează o consultație &rarr;</a>
</div>

<h2 id="s10"><span class="num">10</span>Ciprul ca bază de viață pentru români</h2>
<p>Ca cetățeni UE, românii nu au nevoie de permis de muncă. Comunitatea românească din Cipru este printre cele mai mari comunități europene de pe insulă, concentrată în Limassol, Nicosia, Larnaca și Paphos, cu parohii ortodoxe românești active — o potrivire firească pentru o țară majoritar ortodoxă. Zboruri directe leagă Larnaca de București în aproximativ o oră și cincizeci de minute, cu rute sezoniere și low-cost către alte orașe din România; companiile și rutele se schimbă sezonier și trebuie verificate înainte de călătorie.</p>
<p>Engleza este limba de lucru în business și în serviciile profesionale. Rezidenții au acces la sistemul general de sănătate (GESY), iar școli internaționale cu predare în engleză funcționează în Larnaca, Limassol și Nicosia. Comparațiile de cost al vieții depind de oraș, familie, locuință și stil de viață — dar pentru fondatorii care extrag profituri de șase cifre, diferența de impozite depășește de regulă cu mult diferența de cost al vieții.</p>

<h2 id="s11"><span class="num">11</span>Imigrare: Yellow Slip, certificat fiscal și ce urmează</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (formular MEU1)</strong> — certificatul de înregistrare UE, de obținut în primele patru luni de la sosire.</li>
<li><strong>Codul de identificare fiscală cipriot (TIC)</strong> — necesar pentru conturi bancare, înființarea unei companii și depunerea declarațiilor.</li>
<li><strong>Certificatul de rezidență fiscală cipriot</strong> — documentul care îți ancorează poziția față de ANAF în baza convenției. Într-un caz curat, durează aproximativ 60–90 de zile de la îndeplinirea condițiilor.</li>
<li><strong>Membrii de familie non-UE</strong> — se înregistrează pe formularul <strong>MEU2</strong>, analizat de <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/e-u-e-e-a-citizens-and-family-members-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Departamentul de Migrație al Ciprului</a>. Aceasta este ruta pentru membrii de familie ai unui cetățean UE; <em>nu</em> este Pink Slip-ul, care este permisul de ședere temporară separat, pentru resortisanții statelor terțe în general.</li>
</ul>
<p class="g-fine" style="margin:0 0 14px">Cabinetul se ocupă de acești pași ca de un singur proces — vezi <a href="https://karas-law.com/relocation-cyprus/" hreflang="en" lang="en">Relocate to Cyprus: asistență juridică și fiscală</a> (pagină în limba engleză).</p><p>Yellow Slip-ul atestă dreptul tău de ședere ca cetățean UE. Certificatul de rezidență fiscală ajută la probarea rezidenței cipriote — dar nu obligă, de la sine, România să accepte poziția. Chestionarul ANAF și mutarea reală a centrului intereselor vitale completează tabloul.</p>

<h2 id="s12"><span class="num">12</span>Ordinea corectă: cum structurezi mutarea</h2>
<p><strong>Ordinea contează — nu sări peste pași.</strong> Analiza românească vine prima; implementarea cipriotă urmează.</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Analiza fiscală românească.</strong> Cartografiază veniturile, participațiile și orice vânzare planificată; analizează riscurile de exit tax corporativ și de loc al conducerii efective pentru compania ta românească; ia consultanță de la un consultant fiscal.</li>
<li><strong>Planificarea ruperii rezidenței.</strong> Evaluează centrul intereselor vitale — familie, proprietăți, legături economice — și pregătește chestionarul ANAF de plecare. Trebuie să fie real, nu un exercițiu pe hârtie.</li>
<li><strong>Asigură-ți o locuință în Cipru.</strong> Proprietate sau chirie, disponibilă tot anul.</li>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (MEU1) și TIC.</strong> Înregistrează-ți șederea UE și obține codul fiscal cipriot.</li>
<li><strong>Compania sau structura de angajare cipriotă, dacă e necesară.</strong> Înființează o companie cu substanță reală; verifică eligibilitatea pentru scutirea de 50% și pentru statutul non-dom.</li>
<li><strong>Certificatul de rezidență fiscală cipriot.</strong> Obține-l și păstrează-l pentru orice verificare ANAF; invocă convenția pentru veniturile care rămân din surse românești.</li>
<li><strong>Planificarea succesorală.</strong> Analizează activele din România împreună cu regimul succesoral cipriot; actualizează testamentele în ambele jurisdicții.</li>
</ol>

<h2>Surse</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/legislatie/L_141_2025.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Legea nr. 141/2025 privind unele măsuri fiscal-bugetare</a> — impozitul pe dividende majorat la 16% pentru dividendele distribuite de la 1 ianuarie 2026 și TVA standard majorată la 21% din august 2025; Monitorul Oficial, 25 iulie 2025</li>
<li><a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/legislatie/OUG_8_2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">OUG 8/2026</a> — regimul microîntreprinderilor din 2026, inclusiv modul de calcul al plafonului de 100.000 € și eliminarea interdicției de reintrare în regim; Monitorul Oficial nr. 147 din 25 februarie 2026</li>
<li>Codul fiscal, cu modificările ulterioare, inclusiv art. 59 alin. (2) privind menținerea impozitării pe venitul mondial după emigrarea într-un stat fără convenție; <a href="https://www.anaf.ro/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ANAF</a> și <a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/AsistentaContribuabili_r/Ghid_StabilireaRezidenteiFiscale_Editie2021_RO.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ghidul privind stabilirea rezidenței fiscale a persoanelor fizice</a> (PDF)</li>
<li><a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/Declaratii_R/Z017.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Formularul ANAF Z017</a> — <em>Chestionar pentru stabilirea rezidenței fiscale a persoanei fizice la plecarea din România</em>, care se depune cu 30 de zile înaintea plecării din România</li>
<li>Convenția de evitare a dublei impuneri România–Cipru, semnată la Nicosia la 16 noiembrie 1981 și ratificată în România prin Decretul nr. 261/1982, astfel cum a fost modificată prin <a href="https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/topics/policy-sub-issues/beps-mli/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-beps.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Convenția multilaterală OECD (BEPS MLI)</a>, care produce efecte pentru această convenție de la 1 ianuarie 2023</li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Departamentul Fiscal cipriot — rezidență fiscală și domiciliu</a>: regulile celor 183 și 60 de zile, domiciliul de origine și cel de alegere, regula domiciliului prezumat după 17 din 20 de ani și metoda alternativă de impunere a SDC din art. 3D (circulara 02/2026, formularul TD 631)</li>
<li>Legea cipriotă de reformă fiscală — adoptată la 22 decembrie 2025, publicată în Monitorul Oficial la 31 decembrie 2025, aplicabilă de la 1 ianuarie 2026; legile de modificare și circularele sunt indexate la <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/document_topic/legislation-circulars-and-related-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Departamentul Fiscal cipriot — legislație, circulare și materiale conexe</a>; vezi și <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Ministerul de Finanțe al Ciprului</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/e-u-e-e-a-citizens-and-family-members-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Departamentul de Migrație al Ciprului — cetățeni UE/SEE și membri de familie</a>: înregistrarea MEU1 și MEU2. Fost Departamentul de Evidență a Populației și Migrație; din 2024 face parte din Viceministerul Migrației și Protecției Internaționale</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pwc.com.cy/en/publications/direct-tax-updates-2026/dtu-n1-2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">PwC Cyprus, Direct Tax Update N-1/2026</a> privind reforma fiscală cipriotă adoptată; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries (România și Cipru); alerte EY, KPMG, Deloitte și Crowe România privind Legea 141/2025 și măsurile din 2026</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="faq">Întrebări frecvente</h2>

<details><summary>Plătesc exit tax dacă mă mut din România în Cipru?</summary><div class="a"><p>Nu — România nu are exit tax pentru persoane fizice. Nu există o vânzare fictivă a părților sociale sau a portofoliului la plecare. Exit tax-ul ATAD (16%) se aplică doar la nivel de companie. Rămâne însă obligatoriu chestionarul ANAF de plecare și mutarea reală a centrului intereselor vitale.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Am un SRL — cât mă costă, concret, să scot profitul în 2026?</summary><div class="a"><p>Pentru o companie standard: 16% impozit pe profit, apoi 16% impozit pe dividende pe ce rămâne — aproximativ 29,4% combinat, plus CASS pe dividende (plafonat la 24 de salarii minime &asymp; 2.000 €). În 2024, povara combinată era în jur de 22,7%; majorarea din 2026 a schimbat calculul.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Compania mea e încă microîntreprindere. Are sens Ciprul pentru mine?</summary><div class="a"><p>De multe ori, încă nu. Sub 100.000 € cifră de afaceri, regimul de 1% plus impozitul pe dividende rămâne competitiv la scară mică. Discuția se schimbă când depășești plafonul, când se conturează o vânzare sau când dividendele și veniturile din portofoliu devin substanțiale. Fă mai întâi calculul onest la scara ta.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Pot folosi regula celor 60 de zile păstrându-mi apartamentul din România?</summary><div class="a"><p>Regula cipriotă nu îți mai cere să nu fii rezident fiscal în altă parte. Dar România decide independent: dacă centrul intereselor tale vitale rămâne în România sau petreci acolo peste 183 de zile, România te poate impozita în continuare. E nevoie de o rupere reală — cu chestionarul depus și centrul vieții mutat.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Ce trebuie să-i arăt ANAF-ului ca să accepte că am plecat cu adevărat?</summary><div class="a"><p>Trei lucruri, în practică: chestionarul de rezidență depus înainte de plecare; mutarea reală a centrului intereselor vitale spre Cipru (locuință, familie, activitate economică); și certificatul de rezidență fiscală cipriot, pentru invocarea convenției. Veniturile din surse românești rămân, în general, impozabile în România.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Vreau să-mi vând compania. Mă mut înainte sau după vânzare?</summary><div class="a"><p>Ordinea schimbă dramatic rezultatul. Un rezident român plătește 16% pe câștig la o vânzare directă, din 2026. Un rezident cipriot autentic plătește 0% pe câștigurile din titluri de valoare. Pentru că România nu are exit tax individual, mutarea înainte de vânzare este posibilă fără taxă de plecare — dar mutarea trebuie să fie reală și așezată clar înaintea tranzacției, altfel invită la contestare anti-abuz. Ia consultanță pe ambele părți și planifică din timp calendarul.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Ciprul îmi impozitează pensia din România?</summary><div class="a"><p>O pensie din străinătate primită de un rezident fiscal cipriot poate fi impozitată, la alegere, cu 5% peste o scutire anuală de 5.000 €. Pot exista opțiuni și aspecte de convenție/sursă — pensiile de stat românești au propriul tratament în convenție, care trebuie verificat.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Ce se întâmplă cu chiriile și dividendele mele din România după mutare?</summary><div class="a"><p>Veniturile din surse românești rămân, în general, impozabile în România conform convenției — chiriile pe imobile românești, dividendele de la companii românești (plafon de 10% în convenție, cu certificat de rezidență cipriot, față de 16% cota internă). Ciprul, pentru un non-dom calificat, nu adaugă SDC pe acele dividende. Mecanica de credit/scutire depinde de tipul venitului — cere consultanță.</p></div></details>

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<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/ghid-fiscal-cipru-romania-2026/">Ghid fiscal Cipru pentru români: rezidență non-dom și dividende 0% (2026)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>Cyprus Tax Planning for Romanian Nationals: The 2026 Guide</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-romanian-nationals-the-2026-guide/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Jul 2026 10:55:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-romanian-nationals-the-2026-guide/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Cyprus tax planning for Romanian nationals in 2026: non-dom 0% on dividends vs Romania’s new 16% dividend tax, the 60-day rule, and how to move correctly.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-romanian-nationals-the-2026-guide/">Cyprus Tax Planning for Romanian Nationals: The 2026 Guide</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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<div class="g-lang"><a href="https://karas-law.com/ghid-fiscal-cipru-romania-2026/" rel="alternate" hreflang="ro" lang="ro" title="Ghidul 2026 in limba romana"><span class="g-flagbadge">RO</span>Versiunea &#xEE;n rom&#xE2;n&#x103;</a></div>

<div class="g-hero">
  <h1>Cyprus Tax Planning for Romanian Nationals: The 2026 Guide</h1>
  <p class="sub">Romania&#x2019;s dividend tax has doubled to 16%. Cyprus offers qualifying non-dom residents 0% on dividends &#x2014; inside the EU, 90 minutes from Bucharest. Here is the accurate, complete picture.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=instagram&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=ro_guide">Book a Consultation</a>
  <a class="g-cta secondary" href="tel:+35724633600">Call +357 24 633 600</a>
  <div class="g-trust">Cyprus law firm &#xB7; Established 1974 &#xB7; Regulated by the Cyprus Bar Association</div>
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<div class="g-note">For information purposes only &#x2014; not legal or tax advice. <a href="#disclaimer">See full disclaimer &#x2193;</a></div><p class="g-fine" style="margin:10px 0 0">Published by <strong>ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</strong> &#x2014; a Cyprus law firm in Larnaca, established 1974 and regulated by the Cyprus Bar Association. Published <time datetime="2026-07-07">7 July 2026</time> &#xB7; last reviewed against primary sources <time datetime="2026-09-07">7 September 2026</time>.</p>

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<p>This guide to Cyprus tax planning for Romanian nationals covers everything to consider before a move to Cyprus in 2026. It compares the Romanian and Cypriot tax systems after Romania&#x2019;s 2025&#x2013;2026 fiscal packages, explains the non-dom 0% SDC dividend advantage, and sets out the correct sequence for a clean, defensible relocation.</p>

<div class="g-toc"><strong>In this guide</strong>
  <a href="#s1">Why now</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s2">What Romania taxes in 2026</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s3">The &#x20AC;100 comparison</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s4">What Cyprus offers</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s5">The 60-day rule</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s6">Leaving Romania correctly</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s7">Substance &amp; management</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s8">The RO&#x2013;CY treaty</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s9">Worked examples</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s10">Living in Cyprus</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s11">Immigration steps</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s12">The correct sequence</a> &#xB7; <a href="#faq">FAQ</a>
</div>

<h2>What this article covers</h2>
<ul>
  <li>Extracting profit from a standard Romanian <em>SRL</em> now costs the founder roughly <strong>29.4%</strong> &#x2014; 16% corporate tax, then the new 16% dividend tax on what is left (plus capped CASS).</li>
  <li>The dividend tax has <strong>doubled in two years</strong> &#x2014; 8% in 2024, 10% in 2025, <strong>16% from 1 January 2026</strong> (Law 141/2025).</li>
  <li>The micro-enterprise regime that built a generation of Romanian entrepreneurs has been squeezed to a <strong>&#x20AC;100,000</strong> turnover ceiling from 2026 &#x2014; down from &#x20AC;500,000 only a few years ago.</li>
  <li>Capital gains rates rose too from 2026: <strong>16%</strong> on direct share sales, 3%/6% via Romanian brokers.</li>
  <li>Cyprus offers <strong>0% Special Defence Contribution on worldwide dividends and interest</strong> for qualifying non-domiciled residents &#x2014; for up to 27 years (GHS and individual circumstances apply).</li>
  <li>Cyprus charges <strong>0% capital gains tax on securities</strong>, has <strong>no inheritance tax</strong>, and offers a 60-day tax residency route where the conditions are met.</li>
  <li>Unlike Poland or Germany, <strong>Romania imposes no exit tax on individuals</strong> &#x2014; the door is open. But the residency break must be genuine, ANAF&#x2019;s departure procedure must be followed, and any Cyprus company must have real substance.</li>
</ul>

<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Bottom line:</strong> Cyprus is a genuinely strong option for Romanian founders distributing company profits, founders preparing to sell, investors with securities portfolios, and retirees with foreign pensions. Romania&#x2019;s lack of an individual exit tax makes the path cleaner than for most EU nationals &#x2014; but the residency break must be real, the ANAF departure questionnaire must be filed, and any Cyprus company needs real substance.</p>
<p><strong>Who should stop reading here:</strong> Romanian employees on a fixed salary with no company shareholding, no investment portfolio, and no mobility &#x2014; and micro-enterprise owners comfortably under &#x20AC;100,000 turnover, for whom the 1% regime plus dividend tax may still be hard to beat at that scale.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s1"><span class="num">1</span>Why Romanian Founders and Investors Are Looking at Cyprus in 2026</h2>
<p>Romania built a generation of entrepreneurs on low, simple taxes: the 16% flat corporate rate, an 8% (once 5%) dividend tax, and the famous micro-enterprise regime taxing turnover at 1&#x2013;3%. Between 2023 and 2026, that architecture was dismantled piece by piece &#x2014; not as abstract policy, but in figures every founder can read in their own accounts.</p>
<h3>The dividend tax doubled in two years</h3>
<p>Dividends were taxed at 8% in 2024. Law 141/2025 (Official Gazette, 25 July 2025) raised the rate from 10% to <strong>16% for dividends distributed from 1 January 2026</strong>. Combined with 16% corporate tax, a standard SRL founder now loses roughly 29.4% of distributed profit &#x2014; before the CASS health contribution.</p>
<h3>The micro-enterprise regime was squeezed to a shadow of itself</h3>
<p>The turnover ceiling fell from &#x20AC;500,000 to &#x20AC;250,000 (2025) and to <strong>&#x20AC;100,000 from 2026</strong>. GEO 8/2026 refined how the ceiling is computed (turnover-based), but the direction is unmistakable: the regime that made Romanian entrepreneurship famous now covers only the smallest businesses. Founders above the ceiling face the full 16% + 16%.</p>
<h3>Everything else rose at the same time</h3>
<p>Standard VAT rose from 19% to <strong>21%</strong> in August 2025. Capital gains rates increased from 2026 &#x2014; 16% on direct sales, 3%/6% through Romanian intermediaries. The CASS base cap for independent activities rose from 60 to 72 minimum wages, and the minimum wage itself keeps climbing (RON 4,050, then RON 4,325 from July 2026). Each measure is defensible in isolation; together they have changed the arithmetic of running a business from Romania.</p>

<h2 id="s2"><span class="num">2</span>What Does Romania Actually Tax in 2026?</h2>
<div class="g-warn"><strong>Note:</strong> These rates are general orientation as of mid-2026. Romanian fiscal law has changed repeatedly since 2023 and further packages are possible. Do not act on any figure here without a current, individual assessment from a qualified Romanian tax adviser (<em>consultant fiscal</em>).</div>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Item</th><th scope="col">2026 position</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Personal income tax</strong></td><td>10% flat</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Dividend tax (individuals)</strong></td><td><strong>16%</strong> on dividends distributed from 1 Jan 2026 (was 10% in 2025, 8% in 2024). Transitional rule: dividends distributed on the basis of 2025 interim financial statements keep the 10% rate and are not recalculated</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Corporate income tax</strong></td><td>16% standard</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Micro-enterprise regime</strong></td><td>1% of turnover; ceiling <strong>&#x20AC;100,000</strong> from 2026 (computation refined by GEO 8/2026)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Capital gains (individuals)</strong></td><td><strong>16%</strong> on direct transfers from 2026; 3% (held &#x2265;365 days) / 6% (&lt;365 days) via Romanian intermediaries</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>CASS (health) on dividends/capital income</strong></td><td>10%, due above 6 minimum wages of annual income; base capped at 6/12/24 minimum wages (max &#x2248; RON 9,700&#x2013;10,400/yr &#x2248; &#x20AC;2,000)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>CASS on independent activities</strong></td><td>10%, base cap raised to <strong>72</strong> minimum wages for 2026</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>CAS (pension, self-employed)</strong></td><td>25% at statutory bases (12/24 minimum wages)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Inheritance</strong></td><td>No inheritance tax as such; 1% notarial levy on real estate if succession finalised after 2 years</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Exit tax (individuals)</strong></td><td><strong>No general individual exit charge</strong> on a change of residence. The ATAD exit tax (16%) sits in the corporate-tax framework and applies to companies and permanent establishments, not to individuals moving abroad</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Standard VAT</strong></td><td>21% from Aug 2025 &#x2014; context only</td></tr>
</table>

<h2 id="s3"><span class="num">3</span>The Number That Drives the Conversation</h2>
<p>Follow &#x20AC;100 of company profit from the books of a standard Romanian SRL to the founder&#x2019;s personal account.</p>
<div class="g-flow">
  <div class="g-flowcard ro">
    <span class="g-flagbadge">RO</span> <strong>Romania (standard SRL)</strong>
    <div class="big">&#x2248; &#x20AC;70.56</div>
    <div>reaches the founder</div>
    <div class="g-bar"><i style="width:70.5%"></i></div>
    <div class="steps">&#x20AC;100 profit<br>&#x2013; 16% corporate tax &#x2192; &#x20AC;84.00<br>&#x2013; 16% dividend tax &#x2192; &#x2013;&#x20AC;13.44<br><strong>Effective &#x2248; 29.4%</strong> (+ CASS, capped)</div>
  </div>
  <div class="g-flowcard cy">
    <span class="g-flagbadge">CY</span> <strong>Cyprus (non-dom resident)</strong>
    <div class="big">&#x2248; &#x20AC;85.00</div>
    <div>reaches the founder</div>
    <div class="g-bar"><i style="width:85%"></i></div>
    <div class="steps">&#x20AC;100 profit<br>&#x2013; 15% corporate tax &#x2192; &#x20AC;85.00<br>&#x2013; 0% SDC for qualifying non-dom<br><strong>Effective &#x2248; 15%</strong> (before GHS / adjustments)</div>
  </div>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Indicative only. A micro-enterprise under &#x20AC;100,000 turnover lands materially better on the Romanian side at small scale. Excludes CASS detail, deductibility, timing, treaty position, company substance and individual circumstances. GHS and individual circumstances apply on the Cyprus side. Not tax advice.</p>

<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Tax item</th><th scope="col">Romania</th><th scope="col">Cyprus non-dom</th></tr>
<tr><td>Dividend / profit extraction</td><td>~29.4% combined (16% + 16%)</td><td>15% CIT + 0% SDC</td></tr>
<tr><td>Capital gains (securities)</td><td>16% direct / 3&#x2013;6% via broker</td><td>0%</td></tr>
<tr><td>Inheritance tax</td><td>0% (1% real-estate levy if late)</td><td>0%</td></tr>
<tr><td>Residency threshold</td><td>183 days / centre of vital interests</td><td>60-day route available</td></tr>
<tr><td>Exit tax on leaving</td><td>None for individuals</td><td>&#x2014;</td></tr>
</table>
<p class="g-fine">Indicative only. Individual results depend on structure, residency-break quality and facts. Not tax advice.</p>

<div class="g-ctabox">
  <h3>Want these numbers run on your own situation?</h3>
  <p>A 30-minute consultation tells you whether the move makes sense &#x2014; before you commit to anything.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=instagram&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=ro_guide">Book a Consultation &#x2192;</a>
</div>

<h2 id="s4"><span class="num">4</span>What Does Cyprus Offer Romanian Nationals?</h2><p><strong>In short:</strong> a qualifying non-domiciled Cyprus tax resident pays <strong>0% Special Defence Contribution on worldwide dividends and interest</strong> &#x2014; for up to 27 years. Corporate income tax is <strong>15%</strong> from 1 January 2026, capital gains on securities are taxed at <strong>0%</strong>, and Cyprus levies no inheritance tax. A <strong>60-day</strong> tax residency route is available where the statutory conditions are met. GHS contributions and individual circumstances apply. The table sets out the 2026 position in detail.</p>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Feature</th><th scope="col">2026 position</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Non-dom &#x2014; dividends and interest</strong></td><td>0% SDC on worldwide dividends and interest for 17 years (GHS and individual circumstances apply). Once the 17 years run out you are deemed Cyprus-domiciled, but you may then elect the <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">alternative method of imposing SDC</a> under Article 3D of the Special Contribution for Defence Law and Circular 02/2026: two consecutive five-year blocks at &#x20AC;250,000 each, up to 27 years in total. The application is made on Form TD 631 by 30 June of the first year of each block, and the election is irrevocable</td></tr><tr><td><strong>SDC — domiciled residents (dividends)</strong></td><td>Reduced from 17% to 5% on dividends paid from profits earned from 1 January 2026, for Cyprus tax resident <em>and domiciled</em> individuals — a separate bracket from the 0% non-dom rate above, which is unchanged</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Tax residency &#x2014; 60-day route</strong></td><td>Available where all four statutory conditions are met (from 1 January 2026; the previous fifth condition was removed)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Tax residency &#x2014; 183-day route</strong></td><td>Standard alternative; simpler to evidence</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Personal income tax bands</strong></td><td>0% to &#x20AC;22,000; 20% to &#x20AC;32,000; 25% to &#x20AC;42,000; 30% to &#x20AC;72,000; 35% above &#x20AC;72,000</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Corporate income tax</strong></td><td>15% (raised from 12.5% in January 2026)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Capital gains on securities</strong></td><td>0%</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Inheritance tax</strong></td><td>None (abolished 2000)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Foreign pensions</strong></td><td>May be taxed under an elective regime at 5% above a &#x20AC;5,000 annual exemption (options and treaty/source issues may apply)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Outbound dividends/interest</strong></td><td>Generally 0% withholding</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>50% employment exemption</strong></td><td>Under <strong>Article 8(23A)</strong>: 50% of Cyprus employment income exempt where annual remuneration exceeds &#x20AC;55,000, for up to 17 years, subject to a prior non-residence condition. Portable if you change employer</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>General Healthcare System (GHS/GESY)</strong></td><td>2.65% on dividends, interest and rents for residents; contributions capped once total income reaches &#x20AC;180,000 &#x2014; roughly &#x20AC;4,770 a year</td></tr><tr><td><strong>IP Box</strong></td><td>Effective ~3% on qualifying IP income (80% deduction against the 15% rate &#x2014; up from ~2.5% when corporate tax was 12.5%)</td></tr>
</table>
<p class="g-fine">Sources: Cyprus tax reform legislation passed 22 December 2025 and published in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025, applying from 1 January 2026; Cyprus Income Tax Law and Special Contribution for Defence Law as amended; <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Tax Department &#x2014; Tax Residency and Domicility</a>; <a href="https://www.pwc.com.cy/en/publications/direct-tax-updates-2026/dtu-n1-2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">PwC Cyprus, Direct Tax Update N-1/2026</a>.</p>

<h2 id="s5"><span class="num">5</span>The 60-Day Rule: What Romanian Nationals Need to Know</h2><p><strong>Does becoming a Cyprus tax resident automatically end your Romanian tax residence? No.</strong> Romania decides its own residency independently &#x2014; through domicile, through the centre of vital interests (<em>centrul intereselor vitale</em>), or by more than 183 days spent in Romania. A clean break requires the ANAF departure questionnaire and a genuine shift of your centre of life, not only Cyprus paperwork.</p>
<p>Cyprus offers one of the EU&#x2019;s most flexible statutory tax residency routes, including a 60-day route where the conditions are met. From 1 January 2026, the rule has four conditions &#x2014; the old fifth condition (&#x201C;not tax resident elsewhere&#x201D;) was removed.</p>
<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Cyprus 60-day rule &#x2014; four conditions (from 1 January 2026)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>At least 60 days in Cyprus in the calendar year</li>
<li>No more than 183 days in any single other country</li>
<li>A permanent Cyprus home, owned or rented, maintained all year</li>
<li>An active Cyprus tie &#x2014; business, employment, or a directorship</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Source: <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Tax Department &#x2014; Tax Residency and Domicility</a>, which also sets out the 183-day rule, the day-counting method and the 17-of-20-years deemed-domicile rule.</p><p><strong>The trap is the Romanian side.</strong> Romania decides its own tax residency independently. A person remains within Romania&#x2019;s reach through domicile, through the centre of vital interests (<em>centrul intereselor vitale</em>) &#x2014; family, home, economic ties &#x2014; or by spending more than 183 days in Romania.</p>
<p>A clean Romanian residency break requires genuine action: shifting the centre of vital interests toward Cyprus, filing ANAF&#x2019;s departure questionnaire (<em>chestionarul pentru stabilirea reziden&#x21B;ei fiscale la plecarea din Rom&#xE2;nia</em>) before leaving, and obtaining a Cyprus tax residency certificate. Cyprus accepting you as a resident does not, by itself, mean Romania releases you.</p>

<h2 id="s6"><span class="num">6</span>Leaving Romania Correctly: No Exit Tax, But a Real Procedure</h2>
<p>Here Romanian nationals hold a genuine advantage over Polish or German peers: <strong>Romania imposes no exit tax on individuals</strong>. There is no deemed disposal of your company shares, no tax on paper gains, no PLN-4-million-style threshold to model. Romania&#x2019;s ATAD exit tax (16%) applies only to companies and permanent establishments transferring assets or residence abroad.</p>
<p>That does not make departure a formality. Three things still matter:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>The ANAF departure questionnaire &#x2014; and its deadline.</strong> A Romanian tax resident who will spend more than 183 days abroad must file the departure questionnaire, ANAF form <a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/Declaratii_R/Z017.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="ro"><strong>Z017</strong></a> (<em>Chestionar pentru stabilirea reziden&#x21B;ei fiscale a persoanei fizice la plecarea din Rom&#xE2;nia</em>), with the tax office for your Romanian domicile <strong>30 days before you leave</strong> &#x2014; not afterwards. ANAF then rules on your residency status. Missing the deadline, or skipping the form, leaves your Romanian position ambiguous &#x2014; the opposite of what you want.</li>
<li><strong>The centre-of-vital-interests test.</strong> If your family, home and principal economic interests remain in Romania, ANAF can keep treating you as a Romanian tax resident regardless of your Cyprus paperwork. The treaty tie-breaker (home &#x2192; vital interests &#x2192; habitual abode &#x2192; nationality) then decides &#x2014; on facts.</li>
<li><strong>Romanian-source income.</strong> Income arising in Romania (rents, Romanian dividends, local business) generally remains taxable in Romania under the treaty even after a valid move.</li>
</ol>
<div class="g-warn"><strong>Important:</strong> A corporate-level exit charge <em>can</em> arise if your Romanian company itself migrates assets, functions or its place of management abroad. Moving yourself and migrating your company are different decisions with different tax consequences &#x2014; sequence them deliberately, with advice on both sides.</div>

<h2 id="s7"><span class="num">7</span>Substance and Place of Management</h2>
<p>Romania&#x2019;s CFC rules operate at company level (ATAD), and Romanian tax practice increasingly scrutinises foreign structures owned by residents. Two risks dominate:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Place of effective management</strong> &#x2014; a Cyprus company whose real decisions are all taken in Bucharest risks being treated as a Romanian tax resident, regardless of where it is incorporated.</li>
<li><strong>Artificial arrangements</strong> &#x2014; a letterbox company collecting dividends, interest or royalties with no genuine activity behind it invites challenge under general anti-abuse rules.</li>
</ul>
<p>The answer is substance: real management and genuine decision-making in Cyprus, with people, premises and activity to match the company&#x2019;s role &#x2014; and, ideally, the shareholder genuinely resident in Cyprus. A Cyprus company managed by phone from Romania is a compliance liability, not a tax solution.</p>

<h2 id="s8"><span class="num">8</span>The Romania&#x2013;Cyprus Double Tax Treaty</h2>
<p>Romania and Cyprus have had a double tax convention in force since 1981 (as modified by the MLI). Once your Romanian tax residency has genuinely ended and the treaty tie-breaker resolves in Cyprus&#x2019;s favour, Romania should generally cease taxing you as a worldwide-income resident. Key practical points:</p>
<ul>
<li>Dividends from Romanian companies to a Cyprus resident: treaty cap of 10% (5% for corporate holdings of at least 10%). Romania&#x2019;s domestic 16% is reduced accordingly where the treaty is properly invoked &#x2014; certificate of Cyprus tax residence required.</li>
<li>Cyprus levies no withholding tax on dividends or interest paid out to non-residents, and no SDC for non-doms on dividends received.</li>
<li><strong>Interest and royalties.</strong> The treaty caps source-state tax on interest at 10% and on royalties at 5%, in each case for a beneficial owner and where the income is not attributable to a Romanian permanent establishment.</li><li>Because a treaty exists, the Romanian rule in <strong>Article 59(2) of the Fiscal Code</strong> &#x2014; which keeps an emigrant taxable in Romania on worldwide income for the year of departure and the following three calendar years when they move to a state with <em>no</em> treaty &#x2014; <strong>does not apply</strong> to a move to Cyprus.</li>
</ul>
<div class="g-warn"><strong>Important:</strong> The MLI has applied to this treaty since <strong>1 January 2023</strong>, for withholding taxes and for taxable periods beginning on or after that date, and it adds a <strong>principal purpose test</strong>: treaty benefits can be denied where obtaining them was one of the principal purposes of an arrangement. Confirm the consolidated convention text, including MLI effects, before relying on a specific withholding rate or article.</div>

<h2 id="s9"><span class="num">9</span>Four Worked Examples</h2>
<p class="g-fine"><em>Indicative illustrations only.</em> They show the direction and approximate scale of potential differences &#x2014; not any individual&#x2019;s tax position. Actual outcomes depend on social contributions, CASS, deductibility, timing, treaty position, residency-break quality, company substance and individual circumstances. None of this is tax advice.</p>

<h3>Example 1 &#x2014; SRL founder: &#x20AC;200,000 of distributable profit</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Romania</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Corporate tax on &#x20AC;200k profit</td><td>16% &#x2192; &#x20AC;32,000</td><td>15% &#x2192; &#x20AC;30,000</td></tr>
<tr><td>Dividend / distribution</td><td>16% on &#x20AC;168,000 &#x2248; &#x20AC;26,880</td><td>0% SDC for qualifying non-dom</td></tr>
<tr><td>Health / social context</td><td>CASS 10%, capped (&#x2248; &#x20AC;2,000 max)</td><td>GHS, modest and capped</td></tr>
<tr><td>Net to founder (approx.)</td><td>&#x2248; &#x20AC;141,000</td><td>&#x2248; &#x20AC;170,000 (before GHS / adjustments)</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>The annual difference is on the order of &#x20AC;25,000&#x2013;30,000 for a standard company</strong> &#x2014; recurring, every year profits are distributed. Under the pre-2026 rules the gap was roughly half that: the 2026 dividend-tax rise is what changed the calculus.</p>

<h3>Example 2 &#x2014; IT contractor / freelancer: &#x20AC;120,000 a year</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Romania</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Indicative effective burden</td><td>PFA: ~18&#x2013;25% (10% PIT + CAS 25% and CASS 10% at capped bases); micro-SRL no longer available above &#x20AC;100,000 turnover</td><td>Potentially materially lower where the 50% employment exemption applies above &#x20AC;55,000 &#x2014; indicatively single-digit effective PIT, plus social insurance and GHS</td></tr>
<tr><td>Residency basis</td><td>Domicile / 183 days / vital interests</td><td>60-day route (4 conditions)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Key 2026 event</td><td>Fell out of the micro regime at &#x20AC;100k</td><td>50% exemption may apply above &#x20AC;55,000</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>The opportunity at this level depends on structure and facts.</strong> The principal risk is an incomplete Romanian residency break: a Cyprus base used a few weeks a year while life stays in Bucharest or Cluj will not shift the residency.</p>

<h3>Example 3 &#x2014; Founder preparing to sell: shares worth &#x20AC;5m</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Romania</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>On departure</td><td>No individual exit tax &#x2014; no deemed disposal</td><td>&#x2014;</td></tr>
<tr><td>Later actual sale of shares</td><td>16% if still Romanian resident (direct sale) &#x2192; up to &#x20AC;800,000 on a &#x20AC;5m gain</td><td>0% capital gains on securities</td></tr>
<tr><td>Net effect</td><td>Timing of the residency change relative to the sale is decisive</td><td>Recurring 0% SDC / 0% CGT once genuinely resident</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>This is the example where sequence is everything &#x2014; in Romania&#x2019;s favour.</strong> With no exit tax, a founder who genuinely relocates <em>before</em> a sale can realise the gain as a Cyprus resident at 0%. But the move must be real and settled before the transaction: a residency change executed weeks before a pre-agreed sale invites challenge under anti-abuse principles. Plan a genuine, documented gap &#x2014; with advice on both sides.</p>

<h3>Example 4 &#x2014; Retiree / passive investor: &#x20AC;60,000 pension + &#x20AC;40,000 investment income</h3>
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Romania</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Pension &#x20AC;60,000</td><td>Romanian treatment depends on pension type, source and treaty position (10% above the monthly deduction for Romanian pensions)</td><td>Elective 5% above &#x20AC;5,000 &#x2248; &#x20AC;2,750</td></tr>
<tr><td>Investment &#x20AC;40,000</td><td>16% on dividends; 16% (or 3&#x2013;6% via broker) on gains; CASS capped</td><td>0% SDC on dividends/interest (GHS applies, capped); 0% on gains from securities</td></tr>
<tr><td>Estate</td><td>No inheritance tax, but 1% real-estate levy if succession finalised late</td><td>0% inheritance tax &#x2014; no filing trap</td></tr>
</table>
<p><strong>For passive wealth, the recurring difference compounds.</strong> The 2026 increases hit exactly this profile &#x2014; dividends and gains &#x2014; while Cyprus leaves both untouched for qualifying non-doms.</p>

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<h2 id="s10"><span class="num">10</span>Cyprus as a Physical Base for Romanians</h2>
<p>As EU citizens, Romanians need no work permit. The Romanian community in Cyprus is among the island&#x2019;s largest EU communities, concentrated in Limassol, Nicosia, Larnaca and Paphos, with Romanian Orthodox parishes active on the island &#x2014; a natural fit for a largely Orthodox nation. Direct flights connect Larnaca with Bucharest in roughly one hour and fifty minutes, with seasonal and low-cost routes to further Romanian cities; carriers and routes change seasonally and should be checked before travel.</p>
<p>English is the working language of business and professional services. Residents access the General Healthcare System (GESY), and English-curriculum international schools operate in Larnaca, Limassol and Nicosia. Cost-of-living comparisons depend on city, family size, housing and lifestyle &#x2014; but for founders extracting six-figure profits, the tax delta typically dwarfs the living-cost delta.</p>

<h2 id="s11"><span class="num">11</span>Immigration: Yellow Slip, Tax Certificate, and What Follows</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (form MEU1)</strong> &#x2014; the EU registration certificate, to be completed within four months of arrival.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus Tax Identification Code (TIC)</strong> &#x2014; needed to open bank accounts, form a company, and file tax returns.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus tax residency certificate</strong> &#x2014; the document that anchors your treaty position with ANAF. In a clean case it takes roughly 60&#x2013;90 days from satisfying the conditions.</li>
<li><strong>Non-EU family members</strong> &#x2014; register on form <strong>MEU2</strong>, examined by the <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/e-u-e-e-a-citizens-and-family-members-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Migration Department</a>. This is the route for family members of an EU citizen; it is <em>not</em> the Pink Slip, which is the separate temporary residence permit for third-country nationals generally.</li>
</ul>
<p class="g-fine" style="margin:0 0 14px">The Firm handles these steps as one process &#x2014; see <a href="https://karas-law.com/relocation-cyprus/">Relocate to Cyprus: legal and tax support</a>.</p><p>The Yellow Slip evidences your registered right of residence as an EU citizen. The tax residency certificate helps evidence your Cyprus tax residence &#x2014; but it does not, by itself, make Romania accept the position. The ANAF questionnaire and a genuine shift of the centre of vital interests complete the picture.</p>

<h2 id="s12"><span class="num">12</span>The Correct Sequence: How to Structure the Move</h2>
<p><strong>Sequence matters &#x2014; do not skip steps.</strong> The Romanian assessment comes first; the Cyprus implementation follows.</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Romanian tax assessment.</strong> Map your income streams, shareholdings and any planned company sale; review corporate exit-tax and place-of-effective-management risks for your Romanian company; take advice from a <em>consultant fiscal</em>.</li>
<li><strong>Romanian residency-break planning.</strong> Assess the centre of vital interests &#x2014; family, property, economic ties &#x2014; and prepare the ANAF departure questionnaire. This must be genuine, not a paper exercise.</li>
<li><strong>Secure a Cyprus home.</strong> Own or rent a Cyprus property available to you all year.</li>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (MEU1) and TIC.</strong> Register your EU residence and obtain your Cyprus Tax ID.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus company or employment structure, if needed.</strong> Form a Cyprus company with genuine substance; review eligibility for the 50% employment exemption and non-dom status.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus tax residency certificate.</strong> Obtain it and hold it against any ANAF enquiry; invoke the treaty for any continuing Romanian-source income.</li>
<li><strong>Succession and estate planning.</strong> Review Romanian-situated assets alongside Cyprus succession; update wills in both jurisdictions.</li>
</ol>

<h2>Sources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/legislatie/L_141_2025.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="ro">Law no. 141/2025 on fiscal-budgetary measures</a> &#x2014; dividend tax raised to 16% for dividends distributed from 1 January 2026, and standard VAT raised to 21% from August 2025; Official Gazette, 25 July 2025</li>
<li><a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/legislatie/OUG_8_2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="ro">GEO 8/2026</a> &#x2014; micro-enterprise rules from 2026, including how the &#x20AC;100,000 ceiling is computed and the removal of the bar on re-entering the regime; Official Gazette 147 of 25 February 2026</li>
<li>Romanian Fiscal Code (<em>Cod fiscal</em>) as amended, including Article 59(2) on continuing worldwide taxation after emigration to a non-treaty state; <a href="https://www.anaf.ro/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="ro">ANAF</a> and its <a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/AsistentaContribuabili_r/Ghid_StabilireaRezidenteiFiscale_Editie2021_RO.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="ro">guide to establishing the tax residency of individuals</a> (PDF, Romanian)</li>
<li><a href="https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/Declaratii_R/Z017.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="ro">ANAF form Z017</a> &#x2014; <em>Chestionar pentru stabilirea reziden&#x21B;ei fiscale a persoanei fizice la plecarea din Rom&#xE2;nia</em>, the departure questionnaire, to be filed 30 days before leaving Romania</li>
<li>Romania&#x2013;Cyprus Double Tax Convention, signed in Nicosia on 16 November 1981 and ratified in Romania by Decree no. 261/1982, as modified by the <a href="https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/topics/policy-sub-issues/beps-mli/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-beps.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">OECD Multilateral Instrument (BEPS MLI)</a>, which has had effect for this treaty since 1 January 2023</li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Tax Department &#x2014; Tax Residency and Domicility</a>: the 183-day and 60-day rules, domicile of origin and choice, the 17-of-20-years deemed-domicile rule, and the Article 3D alternative method of imposing SDC (Circular 02/2026, Form TD 631)</li>
<li>Cyprus tax reform legislation &#x2014; passed 22 December 2025, published in the Official Gazette 31 December 2025, applying from 1 January 2026; amending laws and circulars are indexed under <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/document_topic/legislation-circulars-and-related-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Tax Department &#x2014; Legislation, Circulars and Related Material</a>, and see the <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Ministry of Finance</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/e-u-e-e-a-citizens-and-family-members-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Migration Department &#x2014; EU/EEA citizens and family members</a>: MEU1 and MEU2 registration. Formerly the Civil Registry and Migration Department; since 2024 it has formed part of the Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pwc.com.cy/en/publications/direct-tax-updates-2026/dtu-n1-2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">PwC Cyprus, Direct Tax Update N-1/2026</a> on the enacted Cyprus reform; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries (Romania and Cyprus); EY, KPMG, Deloitte and Crowe Romania alerts on Law 141/2025 and the 2026 measures</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="faq">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>

<details><summary>Does Romania charge an exit tax if I move to Cyprus?</summary><div class="a"><p>No &#x2014; Romania imposes no exit tax on individuals. There is no deemed sale of your shares or portfolio on departure. ATAD exit taxation (16%) applies only at company level, if a Romanian company transfers assets or its residence abroad. You must still file ANAF&#x2019;s residency questionnaire before leaving and genuinely shift your centre of vital interests.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>I own an SRL &#x2014; what does extracting profit actually cost me in 2026?</summary><div class="a"><p>For a standard company: 16% corporate tax, then 16% dividend tax on the remainder &#x2014; roughly 29.4% combined, plus CASS on dividend income (capped at 24 minimum wages &#x2248; &#x20AC;2,000). In 2024 the combined figure was about 22.7%; the 2026 dividend-tax rise drove it up.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>My company is still a micro-enterprise. Does Cyprus make sense for me?</summary><div class="a"><p>Often not yet. Under &#x20AC;100,000 turnover, the 1% regime plus dividend tax remains competitive at small scale. The conversation changes when you outgrow the ceiling, when a sale is on the horizon, or when your dividends and portfolio income become substantial. Do the math honestly at your scale first.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Can I use the Cyprus 60-day rule while keeping my apartment in Romania?</summary><div class="a"><p>The Cyprus 60-day rule no longer requires you to be free of foreign tax residency. But Romania decides its own residency independently: if your centre of vital interests stays in Romania, or you spend more than 183 days there, Romania can continue to tax you. A genuine break &#x2014; with the ANAF questionnaire filed and the centre of life shifted &#x2014; is required.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>What do I need to show ANAF that I have genuinely left?</summary><div class="a"><p>Three things in practice: the departure residency questionnaire filed before leaving; a genuine shift of your centre of vital interests toward Cyprus (home, family, economic activity); and a Cyprus tax residency certificate to invoke the treaty. Romanian-source income generally remains taxable in Romania.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>I plan to sell my company. Should I move before or after the sale?</summary><div class="a"><p>The order changes the tax result dramatically. A Romanian resident selling directly pays 16% on the gain from 2026. A genuine Cyprus tax resident pays 0% on gains from securities. Because Romania has no individual exit tax, relocating before the sale is possible without a departure charge &#x2014; but the move must be real and demonstrably settled before the transaction, or it invites anti-abuse challenge. Take advice on both sides and plan the timeline early.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Does Cyprus tax my Romanian pension?</summary><div class="a"><p>A foreign pension received by a Cyprus tax resident may be taxed under an elective regime at 5% above a &#x20AC;5,000 annual exemption. Options and treaty/source issues may apply &#x2014; Romanian state pensions have their own treaty treatment that must be checked.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>What happens to my Romanian rental income and dividends after I move?</summary><div class="a"><p>Romanian-source income generally remains taxable in Romania under the treaty &#x2014; rents on Romanian property, dividends from Romanian companies (treaty cap 10% with a Cyprus residency certificate, vs 16% domestic). Cyprus, for a qualifying non-dom, does not add SDC on those dividends. Credit/exemption mechanics depend on the income type &#x2014; take advice.</p></div></details>

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<p id="disclaimer" class="g-fine"><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> This article is provided for information and general guidance purposes only. It does not constitute legal, tax, or financial advice, and nothing in it should be relied upon as such. Tax laws change frequently and individual circumstances vary. Always obtain specific, individual advice from a qualified Romanian tax adviser (<em>consultant fiscal</em>) and legal counsel before taking any action based on this content. Antonis K. Karas LLC accepts no liability for any loss or damage arising from reliance on this article. Artificial intelligence tools were used in the production of this article, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 on artificial intelligence (the EU AI Act); the content was reviewed by a human professional before publication.</p>

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{"@type":"FAQPage","@id":"https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-romanian-nationals-the-2026-guide/#faq","inLanguage":"en","about":{"@id":"https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-romanian-nationals-the-2026-guide/#article"},"mainEntity":[
{"@type":"Question","name":"Does Romania charge an exit tax if I move to Cyprus?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No - Romania imposes no exit tax on individuals. ATAD exit taxation applies only at company level. You must still file ANAF's residency questionnaire and genuinely shift your centre of vital interests."}},
{"@type":"Question","name":"What does extracting SRL profit cost in 2026?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Roughly 29.4% combined for a standard company: 16% corporate tax plus 16% dividend tax from 1 January 2026, plus capped CASS."}},
{"@type":"Question","name":"Can I use the Cyprus 60-day rule while keeping my apartment in Romania?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The Cyprus rule allows it, but Romania decides its own residency independently - the centre of vital interests and the 183-day test still apply. A genuine break is required."}},
{"@type":"Question","name":"Should I move before or after selling my company?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A Romanian resident pays 16% on a direct sale from 2026; a genuine Cyprus resident pays 0% on gains from securities. Romania has no individual exit tax, but the relocation must be real and settled before the transaction."}},
{"@type":"Question","name":"Does Cyprus tax Romanian pensions?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A foreign pension may be taxed under an elective regime at 5% above a EUR 5,000 annual exemption; treaty and source issues may apply."}},
{"@type":"Question","name":"My company is still a micro-enterprise. Does Cyprus make sense for me?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Often not yet. Under EUR 100,000 turnover the 1% regime plus dividend tax remains competitive at small scale. The conversation changes when you outgrow the ceiling, when a sale is on the horizon, or when your dividends and portfolio income become substantial."}},
{"@type":"Question","name":"What do I need to show ANAF that I have genuinely left?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Three things: ANAF form Z017, the departure tax-residency questionnaire, filed with the tax office for your Romanian domicile 30 days before you leave; a genuine shift of your centre of vital interests toward Cyprus in home, family and economic activity; and a Cyprus tax residency certificate to invoke the treaty. Romanian-source income generally remains taxable in Romania."}},
{"@type":"Question","name":"What happens to my Romanian rental income and dividends after I move?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Romanian-source income generally remains taxable in Romania under the treaty. Rents on Romanian property stay taxable there, and dividends from Romanian companies are capped by the treaty at 10% with a Cyprus tax residency certificate, against the 16% domestic rate. Cyprus adds no SDC on those dividends for a qualifying non-dom."}}
]}]}
</script>
</div>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-romanian-nationals-the-2026-guide/">Cyprus Tax Planning for Romanian Nationals: The 2026 Guide</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Planowanie podatkowe na Cyprze dla obywateli Polski: przewodnik 2026</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/planowanie-podatkowe-cypr-polska-2026/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 17:26:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=3383</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Planowanie podatkowe na Cyprze dla Polaków w 2026: non-dom 0% SDC od dywidend wobec polskich 34,4%, zasada 60 dni, umowa Polska–Cypr oraz exit tax, który trzeba rozstrzygnąć najpierw.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/planowanie-podatkowe-cypr-polska-2026/">Planowanie podatkowe na Cyprze dla obywateli Polski: przewodnik 2026</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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   <div class="g-lang"><a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-polish-nationals-the-2026-guide/" rel="alternate" hreflang="en" lang="en" title="English version of the 2026 guide"><span class="g-flagbadge">EN</span>English version</a></div>
   <h1>Wypłata zysku ze spółki w Polsce kosztuje 34,4%. Na Cyprze — 15%.</h1>
   <p class="sub">Kompletny przewodnik 2026 dla polskich założycieli i inwestorów: status non-dom na Cyprze, zasada 60 dni i umowa Polska–Cypr — oraz polski exit tax, który trzeba rozstrzygnąć przed przeprowadzką.</p>
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   <p class="g-trust">Cypryjska kancelaria prawna · Działa od 1974 r. · Podlega Cypryjskiej Izbie Adwokackiej</p>
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   <div class="g-viz">
    <p class="g-viz-cap">Na każde 100 € wypłacanego zysku spółki</p>
    <div class="g-viz-row">
     <div class="g-viz-box pl">
      <p class="g-viz-ctry">Polska</p>
      <div class="g-viz-num">34,4%</div>
      <p class="g-viz-sub">Łącznie — 19% CIT, następnie 19% podatku od dywidendy</p>
     </div>
     <div class="g-viz-arrow" aria-hidden="true">&#x2192;</div>
     <div class="g-viz-box cy">
      <p class="g-viz-ctry">Cypr — non-dom</p>
      <div class="g-viz-num">15%</div>
      <p class="g-viz-sub">CIT, przy 0% SDC od dywidend (obowiązuje GHS)</p>
     </div>
    </div>
    <p class="g-viz-gate"><b>Zanim się przeprowadzisz:</b> polski exit tax — 19% od niezrealizowanych zysków, gdy objęte składniki majątku przekraczają 4 000 000 zł — trzeba ocenić najpierw.</p>
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<div class="g-note">Materiał wyłącznie informacyjny — nie stanowi porady prawnej ani podatkowej. <a href="#disclaimer">Zobacz pełne zastrzeżenie ↓</a></div><p class="g-fine" style="margin:10px 0 0">Wydawca: <strong>ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</strong> — kancelaria prawna z Larnaki na Cyprze, działająca od 1974 r., wpisana do Cypryjskiej Izby Adwokackiej. Publikacja: <time datetime="2026-06-16">16 czerwca 2026</time> · ostatnia weryfikacja wobec źródeł pierwotnych: <time datetime="2026-09-07">7 września 2026</time>.</p>

<div class="g-dash">
 <div class="g-dcard pl"><span class="g-chip pl">Polska</span><div class="g-dnum">34,4%</div><p class="g-dlab">Łączne obciążenie zysku wypłacanego przez standardową <em>sp. z o.o.</em> — 19% CIT, następnie 19% podatku od dywidendy</p></div>
 <div class="g-dcard cy"><span class="g-chip cy">Cypr</span><div class="g-dnum">0%</div><p class="g-dlab">Specjalna składka obronna (SDC) od dywidend i odsetek z całego świata dla kwalifikujących się non-dom (obowiązuje GHS)</p></div>
 <div class="g-dcard risk"><span class="g-chip risk">Kluczowe ryzyko</span><div class="g-dnum">4 mln zł</div><p class="g-dlab">Próg polskiego exit tax — 19% od niezrealizowanych zysków, gdy objęte składniki majątku przekraczają tę wartość</p></div>
 <div class="g-dcard cy"><span class="g-chip cy">Cypr</span><div class="g-dnum">60 dni</div><p class="g-dlab">Ścieżka rezydencji podatkowej dostępna po spełnieniu wszystkich czterech warunków ustawowych</p></div>
</div>

<div class="g-layout">

<nav class="g-rail" aria-label="Spis treści przewodnika">
 <p class="g-rail-h">W tym przewodniku</p>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">01 — Dlaczego Cypr</p>
 <a href="#s1">Dlaczego teraz</a>
 <a href="#s2">Co Polska opodatkowuje</a>
 <a href="#s3">Porównanie na 100 €</a>
 <a href="#s4">Co oferuje Cypr</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">02 — Czy mogę się przenieść?</p>
 <a href="#s5">Zasada 60 dni</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">03 — Co może pójść nie tak?</p>
 <a href="#s6">Polski exit tax</a>
 <a href="#s7">CFC i substrat</a>
 <a href="#s8">Umowa PL–CY</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">04 — Jak zrobić to właściwie</p>
 <a href="#s9">Przykłady liczbowe</a>
 <a href="#s10">Życie na Cyprze</a>
 <a href="#s11">Formalności imigracyjne</a>
 <a href="#s12">Właściwa kolejność</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">Materiały</p>
 <a href="#faq">FAQ</a>
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<p>Ten przewodnik po planowaniu podatkowym na Cyprze dla obywateli Polski obejmuje kwestie, które trzeba rozważyć przed przeprowadzką na Cypr w 2026 roku. Porównuje system polski i cypryjski po reformie podatkowej, która weszła na Cyprze w życie 1 stycznia 2026 r., oraz po polskich zmianach na 2026 rok, wyjaśnia korzyść non-dom w postaci 0% SDC od dywidend i odsetek, a także przedstawia polski exit tax, który należy rozstrzygnąć <em>przed</em> — a nie po — jakąkolwiek zmianą rezydencji.</p>

<div class="g-toc"><strong>W tym przewodniku</strong>
  <a href="#s1">Dlaczego teraz</a> · <a href="#s2">Co Polska opodatkowuje w 2026</a> · <a href="#s3">Porównanie na 100 €</a> · <a href="#s4">Co oferuje Cypr</a> · <a href="#s5">Zasada 60 dni</a> · <a href="#s6">Polski exit tax</a> · <a href="#s7">CFC i substrat</a> · <a href="#s8">Umowa PL–CY</a> · <a href="#s9">Przykłady liczbowe</a> · <a href="#s10">Życie na Cyprze</a> · <a href="#s11">Formalności imigracyjne</a> · <a href="#s12">Właściwa kolejność</a> · <a href="#faq">FAQ</a>
</div>

<h2>Co zawiera ten artykuł</h2>
<ul>
  <li>Wypłata zysku ze standardowej polskiej <em>sp. z o.o.</em> kosztuje założyciela około <strong>34,4%</strong> — 19% CIT, a następnie 19% podatku od dywidendy od tego, co zostanie.</li>
  <li>Składka zdrowotna pozostaje w znacznej mierze nieodliczalna. Reforma z 2025 r., która miała ją obniżyć, została <strong>zawetowana</strong> i do dnia tej weryfikacji nie uchwalono żadnej reformy zastępczej, a minimalna składka miesięczna wzrosła w 2026 r. do <strong>432,54 zł</strong> — o około 37% więcej niż w 2025 r.</li>
  <li><strong>Estoński CIT stał się w 2026 r. mniej komfortowy.</strong> Rozszerzono definicję „ukrytych zysków”, a świadczenia takie jak najem, dzierżawa czy usługi doradcze na rzecz wspólników i podmiotów powiązanych łatwiej podlegają opodatkowaniu na poziomie spółki.</li>
  <li>Cypr oferuje <strong>0% specjalnej składki obronnej (SDC) od dywidend i odsetek uzyskiwanych na całym świecie</strong> dla kwalifikujących się rezydentów niemających domicylu na Cyprze — przez 17 lat, z możliwością przedłużenia maksymalnie do 27 lat (obowiązuje GHS; liczą się indywidualne okoliczności).</li>
  <li>Cypr stosuje <strong>0% podatku od zysków kapitałowych ze zbycia papierów wartościowych</strong>, <strong>nie ma podatku od spadków</strong> i oferuje 60-dniową ścieżkę rezydencji podatkowej, gdy spełnione są cztery warunki.</li>
  <li>Cypryjski CIT wzrósł 1 stycznia 2026 r. do <strong>15%</strong>. To nie tylko koszt — stawka ta znajduje się teraz <strong>powyżej polskiego progu 14,25% w przepisach o CFC</strong>, co zmienia jeden z elementów polskiej analizy zagranicznej jednostki kontrolowanej.</li>
  <li>Zgodnie z umową polsko-cypryjską dywidendy wypłacane z polskiej spółki na rzecz osoby fizycznej będącej rezydentem Cypru są ograniczone do <strong>5%</strong> zamiast krajowych 19% — po przedstawieniu cypryjskiego certyfikatu rezydencji podatkowej.</li>
  <li>Barierą jest polski <strong>exit tax</strong> — 19% od niezrealizowanych zysków, gdy wartość objętych składników majątku przekracza <strong>4 000 000 zł</strong>. Może go uruchomić samo posiadanie udziałów w spółce przy zmianie rezydencji. Trzeba go policzyć i zabezpieczyć finansowo <strong>przed</strong> przeprowadzką.</li>
</ul>

<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Wniosek:</strong> Cypr jest naprawdę mocną opcją dla polskich założycieli wypłacających zyski ze spółki, inwestorów z portfelami papierów wartościowych oraz emerytów z zagranicznymi świadczeniami. W odróżnieniu jednak od Rumunów czy Bułgarów Polacy mierzą się z realnym exit tax po stronie osób fizycznych. Pozycję w zakresie exit tax trzeba najpierw wyliczyć i sfinansować, zerwanie rezydencji musi być rzeczywiste, a każda cypryjska spółka musi mieć realny substrat działalności.</p>
<p><strong>Kto powinien przerwać lekturę w tym miejscu:</strong> polscy pracownicy na stałym wynagrodzeniu (<em>umowa o pracę</em>), bez udziałów w spółce, bez portfela inwestycyjnego i bez mobilności. Podobnie każdy, kto wypłaca umiarkowane zyski i mieści się bezpiecznie w 9-procentowej stawce CIT dla małych podatników — przy tej skali polskie łączne obciążenie rzędu 26% raczej nie uzasadni przeniesienia całego życia. Wreszcie każdy, kto nie zamierza realnie się przeprowadzić: cypryjska rezydencja podatkowa uzyskana „na papierze”, podczas gdy rodzina, dom i praca zostają w Polsce, nie jest planem, lecz ryzykiem.</p>
</div>

<div class="g-stage" id="stage1">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">01</span><span class="g-stage-title">Dlaczego Cypr</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">Ile naprawdę kosztują oba systemy i co Cypr oferuje w 2026 roku.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s1"><span class="num">1</span>Dlaczego polscy założyciele i inwestorzy patrzą na Cypr w 2026 r.</h2>
<p>Polska zbudowała pokolenie przedsiębiorców na koszcie podatkowym, który był możliwy do udźwignięcia, a przede wszystkim przewidywalny. W 2026 roku żadne z tych określeń nie pasuje już równie dobrze. Zmiana nie jest abstrakcyjną polityką — widać ją na własnych deklaracjach ZUS i w księgach spółki.</p>

<h3>Wypłata zysku jest opodatkowana dwukrotnie</h3>
<p>Standardowa <em>sp. z o.o.</em> płaci CIT według stawki 19% albo 9% w przypadku kwalifikujących się małych podatników od dochodu operacyjnego. Następnie wspólnik płaci kolejne 19% od dywidendy. Klasyczne łączne obciążenie wypłaconego zysku wynosi około <strong>34,4%</strong> dla standardowej spółki i mniej więcej <strong>26%</strong> dla małego podatnika. To akurat nie zmieniło się w 2026 r. — zmieniło się natomiast wszystko wokół.</p>

<h3>Składka zdrowotna budzi największy sprzeciw</h3>
<p>Od czasu Polskiego Ładu (2022) składka zdrowotna jest dla wielu przedsiębiorców liczona od dochodu i pozostaje w znacznej mierze nieodliczalna. Reforma z 2025 r., która miała ją obniżyć, przeszła przez parlament i została <strong>zawetowana przez Prezydenta</strong>; Ministerstwo Finansów nie prowadzi prac nad rozwiązaniem zastępczym. Cięższe zasady przechodzą więc na rok 2026, a minimalna podstawa wymiaru wzrosła od lutego 2026 r. z 75% do <strong>100% minimalnego wynagrodzenia</strong>. W ujęciu gotówkowym minimalna składka miesięczna wzrosła z <strong>314,96 zł</strong> do <strong>432,54 zł</strong> — o około 37%, płatna także w roku, w którym firma notuje stratę.</p>

<h3>Estoński CIT nadal pomaga — ale w 2026 r. został zaostrzony</h3>
<p>Estoński CIT (ryczałt od dochodów spółek) odracza opodatkowanie do momentu wypłaty zysku, sprowadzając efektywne łączne obciążenie do około <strong>20%</strong> dla małych podatników i <strong>25%</strong> dla pozostałych. Pozostaje realnie wartościowym narzędziem krajowym i dla wielu założycieli jest właściwą odpowiedzią bez opuszczania Polski.</p>
<p>Stał się jednak mniej wyrozumiały. Zmieniono definicję „ukrytych zysków”: usunięto przesłankę powiązania świadczenia z prawem do udziału w zysku, a katalog rozszerzono o świadczenia takie jak najem, dzierżawa czy usługi doradcze na rzecz wspólników lub podmiotów powiązanych. Dodano definicję wydatków niezwiązanych z działalnością gospodarczą. Wycofywane jest wejście do reżimu w trakcie roku. W praktyce oznacza to, że transakcje między założycielem a spółką, które wcześniej były tolerowane, niosą dziś realne ryzyko opodatkowania na poziomie spółki, a dotychczasowe interpretacje indywidualne należy zweryfikować, a nie zakładać, że nadal chronią.</p>

<h3>Danina solidarnościowa i rosnący ZUS dokładają do obciążenia</h3>
<p>Danina solidarnościowa w wysokości 4% dotyczy rocznego dochodu powyżej 1 000 000 zł, podnosząc efektywną stawkę krańcową od tej nadwyżki do 36%. Podstawy składek ZUS ponownie wzrosły na 2026 rok.</p>

<h2 id="s2"><span class="num">2</span>Co właściwie opodatkowuje Polska w 2026 r.?</h2>
<div class="g-call"><span class="g-call-lab">Ważne</span><p>Poniższe stawki mają charakter ogólnie orientacyjny według stanu na 7 września 2026 r. Polskie prawo podatkowe zmieniało się wielokrotnie od 2022 roku, a kolejne pakiety są w toku. Nie należy działać na podstawie żadnej z tych liczb bez aktualnej, indywidualnej oceny sporządzonej przez doradcę podatkowego.</p></div>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Pozycja</th><th scope="col">Stan na 2026 r.</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych (PIT)</strong></td><td>Progresywnie 12% do 120 000 zł i 32% powyżej; kwota wolna 30 000 zł</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Formy liniowe i ryczałtowe dla działalności</strong></td><td>Podatek liniowy 19%; ryczałt od przychodów ewidencjonowanych według stawek zależnych od rodzaju działalności</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Podatek od dywidend (osoby fizyczne)</strong></td><td>19% („podatek Belki”), co do zasady jako zryczałtowany podatek pobierany u źródła</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych (CIT)</strong></td><td>19% stawka podstawowa; 9% dla małych podatników (przychód poprzedniego roku poniżej 2 mln €) od dochodu operacyjnego</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Estoński CIT</strong></td><td>Podatek dopiero przy wypłacie — 10% (mali podatnicy / start) lub 20% (pozostali); efektywne łączne obciążenie ok. 20% / 25%. <strong>2026: rozszerzone przepisy o ukrytych zyskach</strong>; rygorystyczne warunki</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Zyski kapitałowe / dochody z inwestycji</strong></td><td>19% (podatek Belki) od papierów wartościowych, dywidend i odsetek</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Składka zdrowotna</strong></td><td>9% (skala) / 4,9% (podatek liniowy) / stopniowana (ryczałt); w znacznej mierze nieodliczalna; minimalna podstawa 2026 to 100% minimalnego wynagrodzenia — minimum <strong>432,54 zł</strong> miesięcznie</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Składki ZUS</strong></td><td>Rosnące podstawy na 2026 r.; podstawa emerytalno-rentowa ograniczona do 30-krotności przeciętnego wynagrodzenia</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Danina solidarnościowa</strong></td><td>4% od rocznego dochodu powyżej 1 000 000 zł (efektywnie 36% od tej nadwyżki)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Podatek od spadków i darowizn</strong></td><td>Tak — I grupa 3–7%, II grupa 7–12%, III grupa 12–20%; kwoty wolne 36 120 zł / 27 090 zł / 5 733 zł. Najbliższa rodzina („grupa zerowa”) w pełni zwolniona, jeżeli <strong>SD-Z2</strong> zostanie złożony w terminie 6 miesięcy</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Exit tax (osoby fizyczne)</strong></td><td><strong>19%</strong> od niezrealizowanych zysków, gdy objęte składniki majątku przekraczają <strong>4 000 000 zł</strong> (3%, gdy nie można ustalić kosztu nabycia) — obejmuje udziały w spółkach; zob. sekcja 6</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Przypisanie dochodu CFC</strong></td><td>19% od przypisanego dochodu pasywnego zagranicznej jednostki kontrolowanej; próg efektywnego opodatkowania ustalony na <strong>14,25%</strong>; zob. sekcja 7</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Podstawowa stawka VAT</strong></td><td>23% — wyłącznie dla kontekstu</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Jedno ułatwienie z 2026 r. warte odnotowania: od 7 stycznia 2026 r. podatnik, który uchybił sześciomiesięcznemu terminowi na złożenie SD-Z2, może wnioskować o jego przywrócenie, jeżeli wykaże, że opóźnienie nastąpiło bez jego winy.</p>

<h2 id="s3"><span class="num">3</span>Liczba, która napędza tę rozmowę</h2>
<p>Prześledźmy drogę 100 € zysku spółki z ksiąg standardowej <em>sp. z o.o.</em> na prywatne konto założyciela.</p>

<div class="g-journey">
 <div class="g-jcol pl">
  <p class="g-jhead"><span class="g-chip pl">Polska</span><br>Standardowa <em>sp. z o.o.</em></p>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">100,00 €</div><div class="g-jlab">Zysk spółki</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>&#x2212; 19% CIT</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">81,00 €</div><div class="g-jlab">Po CIT</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>&#x2212; 19% podatku od dywidendy</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep final"><div class="g-jamt">65,61 €</div><div class="g-jlab">Trafia do założyciela</div></div>
  <p class="g-jtot">Efektywnie &#x2248; 34,4%</p>
 </div>
 <div class="g-jcol cy">
  <p class="g-jhead"><span class="g-chip cy">Cypr</span><br>Kwalifikujący się rezydent non-dom</p>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">100,00 €</div><div class="g-jlab">Zysk spółki</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>&#x2212; 15% CIT</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">85,00 €</div><div class="g-jlab">Po CIT</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>0% SDC dla kwalifikującego się non-dom</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep final"><div class="g-jamt">85,00 €</div><div class="g-jlab">Trafia do założyciela, przed GHS</div></div>
  <p class="g-jtot">Efektywnie &#x2248; 15% — &#x2248; 82,75 € po GHS 2,65%</p>
 </div>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Wyłącznie orientacyjnie. Zakłada, że zysk jest faktycznie wypłacany oraz że rzeczywiście uzyskano cypryjską rezydencję podatkową ze statusem non-dom. Polski mały podatnik na stawce 9% CIT zachowuje około 73,71 €; struktura na estońskim CIT daje efektywnie ok. 20–25%. Pominięto odliczalność, moment rozliczenia, wynagrodzenie, pozycję traktatową, substrat spółki oraz indywidualne okoliczności. Kwota GHS zakłada, że roczny limit składki nie został jeszcze osiągnięty. Nie stanowi porady podatkowej.</p>

<div class="g-vs">
 <div class="g-vs-head"><span>Pozycja podatkowa</span><span>Polska</span><span>Cypr non-dom</span></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Wypłata dywidendy / zysku</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Polska</span>~34,4% łącznie (19% + 19%)</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cypr non-dom</span>15% CIT + 0% SDC (obowiązuje GHS)</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Zyski kapitałowe (papiery wartościowe)</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Polska</span>19%</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cypr non-dom</span>0%</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Podatek od spadków</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Polska</span>3–20% zależnie od grupy; najbliższa rodzina zwolniona przez SD-Z2</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cypr non-dom</span>0%</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Próg rezydencji</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Polska</span>183 dni albo ośrodek interesów życiowych</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cypr non-dom</span>Dostępna ścieżka 60-dniowa (4 warunki)</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Exit tax przy wyjeździe</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Polska</span><strong>19% powyżej 4 000 000 zł</strong></div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cypr non-dom</span>—</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Limit traktatowy dla dywidend z drugiego państwa</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Polska</span>5% dla osoby fizycznej będącej rezydentem Cypru</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cypr non-dom</span>0% cypryjskiego podatku u źródła przy wypłacie za granicę</div></div>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Wyłącznie orientacyjnie. Indywidualne rezultaty zależą od struktury, jakości zerwania rezydencji oraz pozycji w zakresie exit tax. Nie stanowi porady podatkowej.</p>

<div class="g-ctabox">
  <h3>Chcesz przeliczyć te liczby na swojej sytuacji?</h3>
  <p>30-minutowa konsultacja pokaże, czy przeprowadzka ma sens — zanim podejmiesz jakiekolwiek zobowiązania.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=article&amp;utm_medium=guide&amp;utm_campaign=pl_guide_pl">Omów swoją przeprowadzkę na Cypr &#x2192;</a>
</div>

<h2 id="s4"><span class="num">4</span>Co Cypr oferuje obywatelom Polski?</h2><p><strong>W skrócie:</strong> cypryjski rezydent podatkowy o statusie non-dom, który spełnia warunki, płaci <strong>0% SDC od dywidend i odsetek z całego świata</strong> przez 17 lat, z możliwością przedłużenia maksymalnie do 27 lat. Podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych wynosi <strong>15%</strong> od 1 stycznia 2026 r., zyski ze zbycia papierów wartościowych są opodatkowane stawką <strong>0%</strong>, a podatku spadkowego nie ma. Zastosowanie mają składki GHS oraz indywidualne okoliczności. Szczegóły w tabeli poniżej.</p>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Element</th><th scope="col">Stan na 2026 r.</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Non-dom — dywidendy i odsetki</strong></td><td>0% SDC od dywidend i odsetek uzyskiwanych na całym świecie przez 17 lat (obowiązuje GHS; liczą się indywidualne okoliczności). Po upływie 17 lat uznaje się, że nabyłeś cypryjski domicyl, ale możesz wówczas wybrać <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">alternatywną metodę poboru SDC</a> na podstawie art. 3D ustawy o specjalnej składce obronnej i okólnika 02/2026: dwa kolejne pięcioletnie okresy po 250 000 € każdy, łącznie do 27 lat. Wniosek składa się na formularzu TD 631 do 30 czerwca pierwszego roku każdego okresu, a wybór jest nieodwołalny</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>SDC — rezydenci z domicylem (dywidendy)</strong></td><td>Obniżona z 17% do <strong>5%</strong> od dywidend wypłacanych z zysków osiągniętych od 1 stycznia 2026 r. To odrębna kategoria od stawki 0% dla non-dom powyżej, która pozostaje bez zmian</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Domniemana wypłata dywidendy (DDD)</strong></td><td><strong>Zniesiona</strong> dla zysków osiągniętych od 1 stycznia 2026 r. Przepisy przejściowe utrzymują wcześniejsze lata w standardowym dwuletnim rytmie: niewypłacone zyski z 2024 r. uznaje się za wypłacone 31 grudnia 2026 r., a zyski z 2025 r. — 31 grudnia 2027 r. Dotyczy to cypryjskich rezydentów podatkowych posiadających domicyl; kwalifikujący się non-dom nie zapłaci SDC od domniemanej wypłaty</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Rezydencja podatkowa — ścieżka 60 dni</strong></td><td>Dostępna po spełnieniu wszystkich czterech warunków ustawowych (od 1 stycznia 2026 r.; wcześniejszy piąty warunek został uchylony)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Rezydencja podatkowa — ścieżka 183 dni</strong></td><td>Standardowa alternatywa; prostsza do udokumentowania</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Progi podatku dochodowego od osób fizycznych</strong></td><td>0% do 22 000 €; 20% do 32 000 €; 25% do 42 000 €; 30% do 72 000 €; 35% powyżej 72 000 €</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych</strong></td><td>15% (podniesiony z 12,5% 1 stycznia 2026 r.)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Zyski kapitałowe z papierów wartościowych</strong></td><td>0% (cypryjskie nieruchomości opodatkowane odrębnie)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Podatek od spadków</strong></td><td>Brak (zniesiony w 2000 r.)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Emerytury zagraniczne</strong></td><td>Fakultatywna stawka liniowa 5% powyżej rocznej kwoty wolnej 5 000 € (podniesionej z 3 420 € reformą 2026) albo zasady ogólne — w zależności od tego, co korzystniejsze. Umowa i przepisy państwa źródła mogą mieć pierwszeństwo</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Powszechny system opieki zdrowotnej (GHS/GESY)</strong></td><td>2,65% od dywidend, odsetek i czynszów dla rezydentów; składki ograniczone po osiągnięciu łącznego dochodu 180 000 € — około 4 770 € rocznie</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Wypłaty dywidend i odsetek za granicę</strong></td><td>Co do zasady 0% cypryjskiego podatku u źródła dla nierezydentów</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>50-procentowe zwolnienie z tytułu zatrudnienia</strong></td><td>Na podstawie <strong>art. 8(23A)</strong>: 50% cypryjskiego dochodu z pracy zwolnione, gdy roczne wynagrodzenie przekracza 55 000 €, przez maksymalnie 17 lat, z zastrzeżeniem warunku wcześniejszego nieposiadania rezydencji. Zwolnienie jest przenoszalne przy zmianie pracodawcy</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>IP Box</strong></td><td>Efektywnie <strong>~3%</strong> od kwalifikowanego dochodu z własności intelektualnej (80-procentowe odliczenie przy stawce 15% — wzrost z ~2,5%, gdy CIT wynosił 12,5%)</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Źródła: cypryjska ustawa reformująca system podatkowy uchwalona 22 grudnia 2025 r., opublikowana w Dzienniku Urzędowym 31 grudnia 2025 r., obowiązująca od 1 stycznia 2026 r.; cypryjska ustawa o podatku dochodowym oraz ustawa o specjalnej składce obronnej z późniejszymi zmianami; PwC Cyprus Tax Insights.</p>

<div class="g-stage" id="stage2">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">02</span><span class="g-stage-title">Czy mogę się przenieść?</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">Cypryjskie ścieżki rezydencji — i dlaczego spełnienie warunków na Cyprze to dopiero połowa pytania.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s5"><span class="num">5</span>Zasada 60 dni: co obywatele Polski powinni wiedzieć</h2><p><strong>Czy uzyskanie cypryjskiej rezydencji podatkowej automatycznie kończy polską rezydencję podatkową? Nie.</strong> Polska stosuje własne testy — ośrodek interesów osobistych lub gospodarczych albo pobyt dłuższy niż 183 dni w roku podatkowym — i każda z tych przesłanek wystarcza samodzielnie. Obie rezydencje mogą więc współistnieć, dopóki reguła kolizyjna z umowy Polska–Cypr nie rozstrzygnie sprawy na gruncie faktów.</p>
<p>Cypr oferuje jedną z najbardziej elastycznych ustawowych ścieżek rezydencji podatkowej w UE, w tym ścieżkę 60-dniową, gdy spełnione są warunki. Od 1 stycznia 2026 r. zasada obejmuje cztery warunki — dawny piąty warunek, zgodnie z którym nie można było być rezydentem podatkowym w żadnym innym państwie, został uchylony.</p>
<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Cypryjska zasada 60 dni — cztery warunki (od 1 stycznia 2026 r.)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Co najmniej 60 dni pobytu na Cyprze w roku kalendarzowym</li>
<li>Nie więcej niż 183 dni w żadnym innym pojedynczym państwie</li>
<li>Stałe miejsce zamieszkania na Cyprze — własne lub wynajmowane — pozostające do dyspozycji przez cały rok</li>
<li>Aktywna więź z Cyprem — działalność gospodarcza, zatrudnienie albo funkcja członka zarządu, nieprzerwana w trakcie roku</li>
</ol>
<p class="g-fine">Źródło: <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">cypryjski Departament Podatkowy — rezydencja podatkowa i domicyl</a>, gdzie opisano także zasadę 183 dni, sposób liczenia dni oraz regułę domicylu domniemanego po 17 z ostatnich 20 lat.</p>
</div>
<div class="g-call gate"><span class="g-call-lab">Punkt decyzyjny</span><p><strong>Uchylenie piątego warunku nie jest takim prezentem, na jaki wygląda.</strong> Ułatwia uzyskanie cypryjskiej rezydencji, ale jednocześnie zwiększa prawdopodobieństwo <em>podwójnej</em> rezydencji — skoro Cypr nie wymaga już braku rezydencji zagranicznej, nic nie powstrzymuje Polski przed równoczesnym uznawaniem Cię za swojego rezydenta. Wynik przenosi się wówczas na traktatową regułę kolizyjną i na stan faktyczny, a to trudniejsze pole gry niż czysta, pojedyncza rezydencja.</p></div>
<p><strong>Pułapka leży po stronie polskiej.</strong> Polska ustala własną rezydencję podatkową niezależnie. Jesteś polskim rezydentem podatkowym, jeżeli Twój ośrodek interesów osobistych lub gospodarczych (<em>ośrodek interesów życiowych</em>) znajduje się w Polsce <em>albo</em> jeżeli przebywasz w Polsce dłużej niż 183 dni w roku podatkowym. Każda z tych przesłanek wystarcza samodzielnie — liczenie dni nie obroni Cię, jeżeli życie rodzinne i biznesowe pozostaje w Warszawie.</p>
<p>Czyste zerwanie polskiej rezydencji wymaga zatem realnych działań: przeniesienia ośrodka interesów życiowych na Cypr (dom, rodzina, główna aktywność gospodarcza i miejsce podejmowania decyzji), aktualizacji danych w urzędzie skarbowym, prawidłowego rozliczenia za część roku oraz uzyskania cypryjskiego certyfikatu rezydencji podatkowej. To, że Cypr uzna Cię za rezydenta, samo w sobie nie oznacza, że Polska Cię zwalnia — a exit tax opisany w kolejnej sekcji uruchamia właśnie zmiana rezydencji.</p>

<div class="g-stage" id="stage3">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">03</span><span class="g-stage-title">Co może pójść nie tak?</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">Exit tax, utrzymująca się polska rezydencja, CFC, miejsce zarządu i traktatowe przepisy przeciw nadużyciom.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s6"><span class="num">6</span>Polski exit tax: kwestia przesądzająca</h2>
<div class="g-call risk"><span class="g-call-lab">Zanim się przeprowadzisz</span><p><strong>Przeczytaj to przed wszystkim innym.</strong> Polska nakłada exit tax na osoby fizyczne. Dla założyciela z wartościowymi udziałami może to być największa pojedyncza liczba w całym rachunku — i staje się wymagalna od zysków wyłącznie papierowych, bez sprzedaży i bez wpływu gotówki. Policz go i zabezpiecz finansowo przed przeprowadzką, a nie po niej.</p></div>
<p>Polska wprowadziła exit tax dla osób fizycznych (<em>podatek od dochodów z niezrealizowanych zysków</em>) w 2019 roku, wdrażając unijną dyrektywę ATAD w art. 30da–30di ustawy o PIT. Opodatkowuje on niezrealizowany wzrost wartości majątku w momencie zmiany rezydencji podatkowej, gdy Polska traci prawo do opodatkowania przyszłego zysku. <strong>Sprzedaż nie jest wymagana.</strong></p>
<p>Reżim obejmuje udziały w <em>sp. z o.o.</em> i akcje spółek akcyjnych, prawa w spółkach osobowych, papiery wartościowe, obligacje, instrumenty pochodne oraz jednostki funduszy. Stawka wynosi <strong>19%</strong> albo 3%, gdy nie można ustalić kosztu nabycia, i ma zastosowanie, gdy łączna wartość rynkowa objętych składników majątku osobistego przekracza <strong>4 000 000 zł</strong>.</p>

<h3>Mechanizm, po kolei</h3>
<ol>
<li>Posiadasz objęte składniki majątku — zwykle udziały w spółce — z istotnym niezrealizowanym zyskiem.</li>
<li>Zmieniasz rezydencję podatkową, wskutek czego Polska traci prawo do opodatkowania przyszłego zbycia.</li>
<li>Polska traktuje te składniki jak zbyte po wartości rynkowej, co daje dochód ustalony na zasadzie fikcji prawnej.</li>
<li>19% obciąża ten dochód powyżej progu 4 000 000 zł. Deklarację <strong>PIT-NZ</strong> składa się do 7. dnia miesiąca następującego po miesiącu, w którym nastąpiła zmiana rezydencji.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Szok założyciela i co można z tym zrobić</h3>
<p>Typowy szok dotyczy założyciela, którego udziały były kiedyś warte niewiele, a dziś warte są miliony. Zmiana rezydencji może skrystalizować 19% od tego papierowego wzrostu, choć nie sprzedano ani jednego udziału. Wycena nie jest zatem formalnością — to liczba, wokół której obraca się cała decyzja, i należy ją przygotować rzetelnie oraz na bieżąco udokumentować.</p>
<p><strong>Odroczenie jest możliwe, ale nie jest ani automatyczne, ani darmowe.</strong> Na wniosek płatność może zostać rozłożona na raty na okres nie dłuższy niż pięć lat, licząc od końca roku podatkowego, w którym powstało zobowiązanie, jeżeli przeniesienie następuje do państwa UE lub EOG objętego odpowiednimi mechanizmami wzajemnej pomocy. Cypr spełnia to kryterium. Gdy istnieje realne ryzyko nieodzyskania podatku, organ może zażądać zabezpieczenia — gwarancji bankowej, depozytu lub zastawu — a naliczana jest opłata prolongacyjna. Odroczenie należy traktować jako coś, o co się wnioskuje i co się uzgadnia, a nie jako coś danego z góry.</p>
<div class="g-call"><span class="g-call-lab">Ważne</span><p><strong>Kwestia otwarta, o której warto wiedzieć.</strong> To, czy Polska może nakładać exit tax na osoby fizyczne w związku z samą zmianą rezydencji, a nie z przeniesieniem składników majątku, bywa kwestionowane jako wykraczające poza wymogi dyrektywy i trudne do pogodzenia z unijnymi swobodami. Zagadnienie jest rzeczywiście sporne i nie zostało rozstrzygnięte definitywnie. To powód, by zasięgnąć specjalistycznej polskiej porady co do własnego stanu faktycznego — a nie powód, by zakładać, że podatek nie wystąpi.</p></div>
<p><strong>Poziom spółki to odrębne zagadnienie.</strong> Obciążenie z tytułu wyjścia może powstać także na gruncie CIT, jeżeli polska spółka przenosi za granicę składniki majątku, funkcje albo siedzibę lub miejsce zarządu. Przeprowadzka osoby i migracja spółki to dwie różne decyzje o dwóch różnych skutkach podatkowych. Należy je świadomie ułożyć w czasie, korzystając z doradztwa po obu stronach.</p>

<h2 id="s7"><span class="num">7</span>Przepisy CFC i substrat działalności</h2>
<p>Polska stosuje przepisy o zagranicznej jednostce kontrolowanej (CFC). Polski rezydent kontrolujący nisko opodatkowaną spółkę zagraniczną może mieć jej dochód pasywny przypisany i opodatkowany w Polsce stawką 19%.</p>
<p>Jedna z przesłanek opiera się na efektywnym opodatkowaniu: co do zasady przepisy o CFC mogą znaleźć zastosowanie, gdy faktyczny podatek zapłacony przez spółkę zagraniczną jest niższy o co najmniej 25% od podatku należnego w Polsce — co odpowiada progowi efektywnej stawki <strong>14,25%</strong>. I tu cypryjska reforma działa w nieoczekiwany sposób. Przy dawnej stawce 12,5% cypryjska spółka znajdowała się poniżej tej granicy. Przy <strong>15% od 1 stycznia 2026 r. znajduje się powyżej niej.</strong></p>
<div class="g-call risk"><span class="g-call-lab">Kluczowe ryzyko</span><p><strong>Nie należy z tego wyciągać zbyt wiele.</strong> Porównania dokonuje się według podatku faktycznie zapłaconego, obliczonego na zasadach polskich, a nie według stawek nominalnych — cypryjskie zwolnienia, odliczenia takie jak IP Box czy straty mogą ściągnąć efektywną stawkę z powrotem poniżej progu. Test efektywnej stawki jest ponadto tylko jedną z przesłanek: kontrola i udział dochodów pasywnych mają znaczenie samodzielnie, a wyłączenie dotyczące rzeczywistej działalności ocenia się na podstawie faktów. Stawka nominalna 15% pomaga w analizie. Nie rozstrzyga jej.</p></div>
<p>W praktyce dominują dwa ryzyka:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Przypisanie dochodu CFC</strong> — cypryjska spółka, która głównie zbiera dywidendy, odsetki lub należności licencyjne, nie prowadząc za tym rzeczywistej działalności gospodarczej, może mieć ten dochód pasywny przypisany do podstawy polskiego wspólnika.</li>
<li><strong>Miejsce faktycznego zarządu</strong> — cypryjska spółka, której realne decyzje zapadają w Warszawie, ryzykuje uznaniem za polskiego rezydenta podatkowego niezależnie od miejsca rejestracji. To problem większy niż przypisanie CFC, ponieważ naraża cały dochód spółki, a nie tylko pasywny.</li>
</ul>
<p>Odpowiedzią na oba jest substrat: rzeczywisty zarząd i faktyczne podejmowanie decyzji na Cyprze, z ludźmi, lokalem i aktywnością proporcjonalnymi do tego, czym spółka naprawdę się zajmuje — a najlepiej także wspólnik, który rzeczywiście tam mieszka. Cypryjska spółka zarządzana telefonicznie z Polski nie jest strukturą podatkową, lecz ryzykiem compliance.</p>

<h2 id="s8"><span class="num">8</span>Umowa o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania Polska–Cypr</h2>
<p>Polskę i Cypr łączy umowa o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania, istotnie zmieniona Protokołem podpisanym w Nikozji 22 marca 2012 r., który zaczął obowiązywać od 1 stycznia 2013 r. Została ona następnie nadpisana przez Konwencję wielostronną OECD (MLI). Gdy polska rezydencja podatkowa rzeczywiście ustanie, a traktatowa reguła kolizyjna rozstrzygnie na korzyść Cypru, Polska co do zasady przestanie opodatkowywać Twój dochód światowy. Istotne kwestie praktyczne:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Reguła kolizyjna działa w ustalonej kolejności</strong> — stałe miejsce zamieszkania pozostające do dyspozycji, następnie ośrodek interesów życiowych, następnie zwykłe przebywanie, wreszcie obywatelstwo. Rozstrzyga stan faktyczny, a nie dokumenty.</li>
<li><strong>Dywidendy z polskiej spółki.</strong> Umowa ogranicza polski podatek u źródła do <strong>5%</strong> dla osoby fizycznej będącej rezydentem Cypru, wobec 19% według prawa krajowego. Stawka 0% ma zastosowanie, gdy właścicielem rzeczywistym jest spółka (inna niż spółka osobowa) posiadająca bezpośrednio co najmniej 10% kapitału nieprzerwanie przez 24 miesiące. Do skorzystania z każdej z nich potrzebny jest cypryjski certyfikat rezydencji podatkowej.</li>
<li><strong>Odsetki</strong> — Protokół obniżył limit z 10% do <strong>5%</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Wypłaty z Cypru</strong> — Cypr nie pobiera podatku u źródła od dywidend ani odsetek wypłacanych nierezydentom, a kwalifikujący się non-dom nie płaci SDC od otrzymanych dywidend.</li>
<li><strong>Zniesiono klauzulę tax sparing.</strong> Polski rezydent otrzymujący cypryjską dywidendę może dziś odliczyć wyłącznie podatek faktycznie zapłacony na Cyprze. Dla non-dom płacącego 0% SDC nie ma czego odliczać — i właśnie dlatego cypryjska korzyść zależy od rzeczywistego ustania polskiej rezydencji, a nie od posiadania cypryjskiej spółki przy jednoczesnym mieszkaniu w Polsce.</li>
<li><strong>Wynagrodzenia członków zarządu</strong> — Protokół zakończył historyczne rozwiązanie, w którym polski rezydent mógł otrzymywać cypryjskie wynagrodzenie dyrektorskie na korzystnych zasadach. Ta droga jest zamknięta.</li>
<li><strong>Dochody ze źródeł polskich</strong> — czynsze z polskich nieruchomości oraz zyski przypisane polskiemu zakładowi co do zasady pozostają opodatkowane w Polsce także po prawidłowej zmianie rezydencji.</li>
</ul>
<div class="g-call"><span class="g-call-lab">Ważne</span><p>MLI stosuje się do tej umowy od <strong>1 stycznia 2021 r.</strong> w zakresie podatków u źródła oraz do pozostałych podatków za okresy rozpoczynające się 1 listopada 2020 r. lub później. Dodaje <strong>test głównego celu</strong> (principal purpose test): korzyści traktatowe mogą zostać odmówione, jeżeli ich uzyskanie było jednym z głównych celów danego rozwiązania. Nie należy czytać konwencji z 1992 r. w oderwaniu od MLI — Ministerstwo Finansów publikuje <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/media/bihfcf3x/dta-poland-cyprus-mli-synthesised-text-clean.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">tekst syntetyczny umowy polsko-cypryjskiej zmodyfikowanej przez MLI</a> i to ten tekst należy sprawdzić przed powołaniem się na konkretną stawkę lub artykuł.</p></div>

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<div class="g-stage" id="stage4">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">04</span><span class="g-stage-title">Jak zrobić to właściwie</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">Przykłady liczbowe, życie na wyspie, formalności imigracyjne i kolejność, w jakiej trzeba wykonać kroki.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s9"><span class="num">9</span>Cztery przykłady liczbowe</h2>
<p class="g-fine"><em>Wyłącznie ilustracje orientacyjne.</em> Pokazują kierunek i przybliżoną skalę potencjalnych różnic — nie sytuację podatkową konkretnej osoby. Każdy przykład zakłada, że zyski są faktycznie wypłacane, że polska rezydencja podatkowa rzeczywiście ustała oraz że przysługuje cypryjski status non-dom. Rzeczywiste wyniki zależą od składek społecznych, składki zdrowotnej, odliczalności, momentu rozliczenia, pozycji traktatowej, jakości zerwania rezydencji, substratu spółki i indywidualnych okoliczności. Żadna z tych treści nie stanowi porady podatkowej.</p>

<h3>Przykład 1 — założyciel <em>sp. z o.o.</em>: 200 000 € zysku do wypłaty</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Polska</th><th scope="col">Cypr (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>CIT od 200 tys. € zysku</td><td>19% → 38 000 €</td><td>15% → 30 000 €</td></tr>
<tr><td>Dywidenda / wypłata</td><td>19% od 162 000 € ≈ 30 780 €</td><td>0% SDC dla kwalifikującego się non-dom</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kontekst zdrowotny / społeczny</td><td>Składka zdrowotna, w znacznej mierze nieodliczalna</td><td>GHS 2,65% od wypłaty ≈ 4 505 €, limit ok. 4 770 € rocznie</td></tr>
<tr><td>Netto dla założyciela (w przybliżeniu)</td><td>≈ 131 200 €</td><td>≈ 165 500 €</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>Roczna różnica wynosi rzędu 34 000 € dla standardowej spółki</strong> — powtarzalnie, w każdym roku wypłaty zysku. Struktura na estońskim CIT istotnie zawęża tę lukę, do około 15 000–20 000 € rocznie. Barierą pozostaje pozycja w zakresie exit tax oraz rzeczywiste zerwanie polskiej rezydencji.</p>

<h3>Przykład 2 — kontraktor IT / jednoosobowa działalność B2B: 120 000 € rocznie</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Polska</th><th scope="col">Cypr (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Orientacyjne efektywne obciążenie</td><td>~25–30% (podatek liniowy lub ryczałt, plus w znacznej mierze nieodliczalna składka zdrowotna i ZUS)</td><td>Potencjalnie istotnie niższe, gdy ma zastosowanie 50-procentowe zwolnienie z art. 8(23A) powyżej 55 000 € — plus ubezpieczenia społeczne i GHS</td></tr>
<tr><td>Podstawa rezydencji</td><td>Ośrodek interesów życiowych / 183 dni</td><td>Ścieżka 60-dniowa (4 warunki)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kluczowy element 2026</td><td>Reforma składki zdrowotnej zawetowana; minimalna składka wyższa o ~37%</td><td>Zwolnienie 50% może mieć zastosowanie, jest przenoszalne między pracodawcami, do 17 lat</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ekspozycja na exit tax</td><td>Zwykle niska — niewiele objętych składników majątku, rzadko powyżej 4 mln zł</td><td>—</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>To profil, w którym exit tax najrzadziej zadziała, a całą grą jest zerwanie rezydencji.</strong> Kontraktor zwykle nie posiada wartościowych udziałów, więc próg 4 000 000 zł rzadko zostaje osiągnięty. Głównym ryzykiem jest niepełne zerwanie: cypryjska baza używana przez kilka tygodni w roku, podczas gdy rodzina i klienci pozostają w Polsce, nie przeniesie rezydencji, a zwolnienie 50% wymaga rzeczywistego zatrudnienia na Cyprze, a nie adresu do faktur.</p>

<h3>Przykład 3 — założyciel przygotowujący sprzedaż: udziały warte 5 mln €</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Polska</th><th scope="col">Cypr (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>W momencie wyjazdu (zysk papierowy)</td><td><strong>19% exit tax od niezrealizowanego zysku</strong> — przy pakiecie wartym 5 mln € zbudowanym od nominalnej podstawy sięga blisko 950 000 €, płatne bez sprzedaży</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>Późniejsza faktyczna sprzedaż udziałów</td><td>19%, jeżeli nadal polski rezydent</td><td>0% podatku od zysków kapitałowych z papierów wartościowych</td></tr>
<tr><td>Pozycja gotówkowa</td><td>Obciążenie powstaje, zanim pojawią się jakiekolwiek wpływy ze sprzedaży; na wniosek możliwe raty do 5 lat</td><td>Powtarzalne 0% SDC / 0% CGT po rzeczywistym uzyskaniu rezydencji</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>To przykład, w którym Polska różni się wyraźnie od Rumunii czy Bułgarii i w którym kolejność działa w obie strony.</strong> Cypryjskie 0% od późniejszej sprzedaży jest bardzo atrakcyjne, ale polskie obciążenie wyjściowe krystalizuje się wcześniej, od zysków papierowych, a środki na jego zapłatę muszą skądś pochodzić. W horyzoncie wieloletnim powtarzalne oszczędności mogą przewyższyć jednorazowy koszt — ale tylko wtedy, gdy podatek zostanie policzony, wycena będzie możliwa do obrony, wniosek o raty złożony, a przeprowadzka rzeczywista i utrwalona na długo przed transakcją. Zmiana rezydencji dokonana kilka tygodni przed wcześniej uzgodnioną sprzedażą zaprasza do zakwestionowania na gruncie przepisów o unikaniu opodatkowania, w tym traktatowego testu głównego celu.</p>

<h3>Przykład 4 — emeryt / inwestor pasywny: 60 000 € emerytury + 40 000 € dochodu z inwestycji</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Polska</th><th scope="col">Cypr (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Emerytura 60 000 €</td><td>Polskie traktowanie zależy od rodzaju świadczenia, źródła i pozycji traktatowej</td><td>Fakultatywne 5% powyżej 5 000 € ≈ 2 750 € (albo zasady ogólne, jeżeli korzystniejsze)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Inwestycje 40 000 €</td><td>19% podatku Belki ≈ 7 600 €</td><td>0% SDC; GHS 2,65% ≈ 1 060 €</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sukcesja</td><td>Podatek od spadków i darowizn ma zastosowanie; zwolnienie dla najbliższej rodziny zależy od złożenia SD-Z2 w terminie 6 miesięcy</td><td>0% podatku od spadków — brak pułapki terminu</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>Dla tego profilu wymiar sukcesyjny bywa równie ważny jak podatek dochodowy.</strong> Powtarzalna różnica na dochodach inwestycyjnych kumuluje się, a Cypr w ogóle nie ma podatku od spadków. Dwa zastrzeżenia: emerytury państwowe często mają własne traktowanie traktatowe, które może zachować prawa do opodatkowania w Polsce niezależnie od miejsca zamieszkania, a składniki majątku położone w Polsce pozostają objęte polskimi zasadami sukcesji i przeniesienia także po uzyskaniu cypryjskiej rezydencji.</p>

<div class="g-ctaslim">
 <p>Który z tych czterech przypadków jest najbliższy Twojej sytuacji?</p>
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<h2 id="s10"><span class="num">10</span>Cypr jako fizyczna baza dla Polaków</h2>
<p>Jako obywatele UE Polacy nie potrzebują pozwolenia na pracę ani wizy. Na wyspie systematycznie rośnie polska społeczność i oferta usług w języku polskim, skupiona wokół Larnaki, Limassol i Nikozji. Bezpośrednie połączenia łączą Larnakę z Warszawą, sezonowo także z miastami takimi jak Gdańsk, Katowice, Kraków i Wrocław, a dalsze połączenia prowadzą przez Pafos; czas lotu to około trzy i pół godziny. Przewoźnicy i siatka połączeń zmieniają się sezonowo i przed podróżą należy je sprawdzić.</p>
<p>Językiem roboczym biznesu i usług profesjonalnych jest angielski, co usuwa dużą część tarcia, które gdzie indziej utrudnia relokację. Rezydenci mają dostęp do powszechnego systemu opieki zdrowotnej (GESY), a w Larnace, Limassol i Nikozji działają szkoły międzynarodowe z programem angielskim. Porównania kosztów życia zależą w dużym stopniu od miasta, wielkości rodziny, mieszkania i stylu życia — samo Limassol nie jest już miastem tanim — ale dla założycieli wypłacających sześciocyfrowe zyski różnica podatkowa zwykle znacznie przewyższa różnicę w kosztach życia.</p>

<h2 id="s11"><span class="num">11</span>Imigracja: Yellow Slip, certyfikat rezydencji i co dalej</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (formularz MEU1)</strong> — zaświadczenie o rejestracji obywatela UE, o które należy wystąpić nie później niż w ciągu czterech miesięcy od przyjazdu, jeżeli planujesz pobyt dłuższy niż trzy miesiące. Opłata wynosi 20 € od osoby, dokument wydaje zwykle lokalna jednostka imigracyjna i nie traci on ważności. Brak rejestracji może skutkować grzywną.</li>
<li><strong>Cypryjski numer identyfikacji podatkowej (TIC)</strong> — niezbędny do otwarcia rachunków bankowych, założenia spółki i składania deklaracji podatkowych.</li>
<li><strong>Cypryjski certyfikat rezydencji podatkowej</strong> — dokument, który zakotwicza Twoją pozycję traktatową wobec polskiego urzędu skarbowego. W prostej sprawie należy liczyć się z okresem około 60–90 dni od spełnienia warunków.</li>
<li><strong>Członkowie rodziny spoza UE</strong> — rejestracja na <strong>formularzu MEU2</strong>, rozpatrywanym przez Departament Migracji (dawniej Wydział Rejestru Cywilnego i Migracji, od 2024 r. w strukturze Wiceministerstwa ds. Migracji i Ochrony Międzynarodowej). To ścieżka dla członków rodziny obywatela UE; nie jest to Pink Slip, czyli odrębne zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy dla obywateli państw trzecich w ogólności.</li>
</ul>
<p class="g-fine" style="margin:0 0 14px">Kancelaria prowadzi te kroki jako jeden proces — zob. <a href="https://karas-law.com/relocation-cyprus/" hreflang="en" lang="en">Relocate to Cyprus: wsparcie prawne i podatkowe</a> (strona w języku angielskim).</p><p>Yellow Slip potwierdza zarejestrowane prawo pobytu jako obywatela UE — jest dokumentem imigracyjnym, a nie podatkowym, i sam w sobie nie czyni Cię cypryjskim rezydentem podatkowym. Certyfikat rezydencji podatkowej potwierdza cypryjską rezydencję podatkową, ale sam w sobie nie zobowiązuje Polski do zaakceptowania tej pozycji. Robi to dopiero rzeczywiste przeniesienie ośrodka interesów życiowych.</p>

<h2 id="s12"><span class="num">12</span>Właściwa kolejność: jak ustrukturyzować przeprowadzkę</h2>
<p><strong>Kolejność ma znaczenie — nie pomijaj kroków.</strong> Polska ocena, a w szczególności exit tax, jest pierwsza. Cypryjskie wdrożenie następuje później.</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Polska ocena podatkowa i ocena exit tax.</strong> Zidentyfikuj wszystkie objęte składniki majątku, wyceń je rzetelnie i na bieżąco udokumentuj, policz obciążenie oraz możliwość rozłożenia na raty, przeanalizuj ekspozycję CFC i przesłanki exit tax po stronie spółki. Skorzystaj z pomocy doradcy podatkowego.</li>
<li><strong>Planowanie zerwania polskiej rezydencji.</strong> Oceń ośrodek interesów życiowych — rodzinę, dom, aktywność gospodarczą, miejsce faktycznego podejmowania decyzji. To musi być rzeczywiste, a nie papierowe.</li>
<li><strong>Zapewnij miejsce zamieszkania na Cyprze.</strong> Kup lub wynajmij nieruchomość pozostającą do Twojej dyspozycji przez cały rok.</li>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (MEU1) i TIC.</strong> Zarejestruj pobyt jako obywatel UE i uzyskaj cypryjski numer podatkowy; MEU2 dla członków rodziny spoza UE.</li>
<li><strong>Cypryjska spółka lub struktura zatrudnienia, jeżeli potrzebna.</strong> Załóż cypryjską spółkę z rzeczywistym substratem; sprawdź uprawnienie do 50-procentowego zwolnienia z art. 8(23A) oraz do statusu non-dom.</li>
<li><strong>Polskie formalności.</strong> Zaktualizuj dane w urzędzie skarbowym (ZAP-3 albo NIP-7, jeżeli prowadzisz działalność), rozlicz część roku i złóż PIT-NZ, jeżeli exit tax ma zastosowanie.</li>
<li><strong>Cypryjski certyfikat rezydencji podatkowej.</strong> Uzyskaj go i zachowaj na wypadek zapytania polskiego organu; powołuj się na umowę w odniesieniu do dalszych dochodów ze źródeł polskich.</li>
<li><strong>Sukcesja i planowanie majątkowe.</strong> Przejrzyj składniki majątku położone w Polsce oraz polską ekspozycję na podatek od spadków i darowizn łącznie z cypryjską sukcesją; zaktualizuj testamenty w obu jurysdykcjach.</li>
</ol>

<h2>Źródła</h2>
<ul>
<li>Cypryjska ustawa reformująca system podatkowy — uchwalona 22 grudnia 2025 r., opublikowana w Dzienniku Urzędowym 31 grudnia 2025 r., obowiązująca od 1 stycznia 2026 r.; ustawy nowelizujące i okólniki wykonawcze są indeksowane w dziale <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/document_topic/legislation-circulars-and-related-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">cypryjskiego Departamentu Podatkowego — przepisy, okólniki i materiały powiązane</a></li>
<li>Cypryjska ustawa o podatku dochodowym oraz ustawa o specjalnej składce obronnej, z późniejszymi zmianami; wytyczne <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">cypryjskiego Departamentu Podatkowego</a> i <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Ministerstwa Finansów Cypru</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/e-u-e-e-a-citizens-and-family-members-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cypryjski Departament Migracji — obywatele UE/EOG i członkowie ich rodzin</a>: rejestracja MEU1 i MEU2. Dawniej Wydział Rejestru Cywilnego i Migracji; od 2024 r. wchodzi w skład Wiceministerstwa ds. Migracji i Ochrony Międzynarodowej</li>
<li>Ustawa o PIT, art. 30da–30di (exit tax — <a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/pit-nz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">deklarację PIT-NZ publikuje Ministerstwo Finansów</a>) oraz ustawa o CIT, art. 24f–24l; polskie przepisy o CFC</li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ministerstwo Finansów</a> i KAS — objaśnienia dotyczące rezydencji podatkowej, certyfikatów rezydencji (CFR-1) i zmiany rezydencji; <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">podatki.gov.pl</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cypryjski Departament Podatkowy — rezydencja podatkowa i domicyl</a>: zasady 183 i 60 dni, domicyl pochodzenia i domicyl wyboru, reguła domniemanego domicylu po 17 z 20 lat oraz alternatywna metoda poboru SDC z art. 3D (okólnik 02/2026, formularz TD 631)</li>
<li>Umowa o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania Polska–Cypr, zmieniona <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/media/la0hj2b0/20120322_cypr_protokol_tekst_ang_e.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Protokołem podpisanym 22 marca 2012 r.</a> (obowiązującym od 1 stycznia 2013 r.), w brzmieniu zmodyfikowanym <a href="https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/topics/policy-sub-issues/beps-mli/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-beps.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Konwencją wielostronną OECD (BEPS MLI)</a> — zob. <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/media/bihfcf3x/dta-poland-cyprus-mli-synthesised-text-clean.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">tekst syntetyczny umowy zmodyfikowanej przez MLI</a> publikowany przez Ministerstwo Finansów</li>
<li>Ustawa o podatku od spadków i darowizn — grupy podatkowe, kwoty wolne i zwolnienie SD-Z2; komunikat Ministerstwa Finansów o <a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/nowe-korzystne-zasady-rozliczania-podatku-od-spadkow-i-darowizn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">przywróceniu terminu na złożenie SD-Z2 od 7 stycznia 2026 r.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.pwc.com.cy/en/publications/direct-tax-updates-2026/dtu-n1-2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">PwC Cyprus, Direct Tax Update N-1/2026</a> — omówienie uchwalonej reformy, w tym harmonogramu przejściowego domniemanej wypłaty dywidendy; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries (Polska i Cypr); alerty EY, KPMG, Deloitte i Grant Thornton Polska dotyczące składki zdrowotnej w 2026 r. oraz zmian w estońskim CIT</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="faq">Najczęściej zadawane pytania</h2>

<details><summary>Czy będę musiał zapłacić polski exit tax, jeżeli przeprowadzę się na Cypr?</summary><div class="a"><p>Możliwe — zależy to od tego, co posiadasz. Polska nakłada 19% na niezrealizowane zyski z objętych składników majątku, w tym udziałów we własnej spółce, przy zmianie rezydencji podatkowej, gdy ich łączna wartość rynkowa przekracza 4 000 000 zł. Sprzedaż nie jest potrzebna i nie wpływa żadna gotówka. Deklarację PIT-NZ składa się do 7. dnia miesiąca następującego po miesiącu zmiany. Na wniosek możliwe jest rozłożenie na raty na okres do pięciu lat przy przeniesieniu w obrębie UE lub EOG, co obejmuje Cypr, choć może to wymagać zabezpieczenia i opłaty prolongacyjnej. Policz to z doradcą podatkowym, zanim podejmiesz jakikolwiek krok w stronę wyjazdu.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Ile faktycznie kosztuje wypłata zysku ze sp. z o.o. w 2026 r.?</summary><div class="a"><p>Dla standardowej spółki około 34,4% wypłacanego zysku — 19% CIT, następnie 19% podatku od dywidendy od reszty. Dla małego podatnika na stawce 9% jest to mniej więcej 26%. Struktura na estońskim CIT może obniżyć efektywne łączne obciążenie do około 20–25%, jeżeli spełniasz warunki, choć rozszerzenie przepisów o ukrytych zyskach w 2026 r. sprawiło, że reżim ten jest mniej wyrozumiały dla transakcji między spółką a wspólnikami.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Jestem na estońskim CIT lub podatku liniowym. Czy Cypr nadal ma sens?</summary><div class="a"><p>Czasami — i rzadziej, niż sugerują nagłówkowe porównania. Kwalifikujący się cypryjski non-dom płaci 0% SDC od dywidend wobec około 20–25% efektywnie na estońskim CIT, więc powtarzalna różnica jest realna, ale węższa niż w porównaniu z 34,4%. To, czy się opłaca, zależy od tego, ile zysku faktycznie wypłacasz, od Twojej ekspozycji na exit tax oraz od gotowości do przeniesienia życia, a nie dokumentów. Dla wielu założycieli wypłacających umiarkowane kwoty pozostanie na estońskim CIT jest lepszą odpowiedzią.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Czy mogę korzystać z cypryjskiej zasady 60 dni, zachowując mieszkanie w Polsce?</summary><div class="a"><p>Cypr nie wymaga już braku rezydencji podatkowej za granicą, więc po stronie cypryjskiej odpowiedź brzmi tak. Polska ustala jednak własną rezydencję niezależnie: jeżeli Twój ośrodek interesów osobistych lub gospodarczych pozostaje w Polsce albo spędzasz tam ponad 183 dni, Polska może nadal Cię opodatkowywać — a zachowanie mieszkania jest jedną z okoliczności przemawiających w tę stronę. Realnym skutkiem bywa podwójna rezydencja rozstrzygana traktatową regułą kolizyjną na podstawie faktów, co jest pozycją słabszą niż czyste zerwanie.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Co muszę wykazać polskiemu urzędowi skarbowemu, że rzeczywiście wyjechałem?</summary><div class="a"><p>W praktyce: realne przeniesienie ośrodka interesów życiowych na Cypr, potwierdzone miejscem zamieszkania, sytuacją rodzinną oraz tym, gdzie faktycznie znajduje się Twoja aktywność gospodarcza i gdzie zapadają decyzje; aktualizację danych w urzędzie skarbowym na formularzu ZAP-3 albo NIP-7, jeżeli prowadzisz działalność; prawidłowe polskie rozliczenie za część roku; oraz cypryjski certyfikat rezydencji podatkowej. Nie istnieje jeden formularz, który „wyłącza” rezydencję — to kwestia stanu faktycznego popartego dokumentami. Równolegle trzeba rozstrzygnąć pozycję w zakresie exit tax.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Czy wzrost cypryjskiego CIT do 15% mi pomaga, czy szkodzi?</summary><div class="a"><p>Jedno i drugie. Podnosi koszt zysku na poziomie spółki z 12,5% do 15% i podnosi efektywną stawkę IP Box z około 2,5% do około 3%. Jednocześnie jednak stawia Cypr powyżej polskiego progu efektywnego opodatkowania 14,25% w przepisach o CFC, co pomaga przy jednej z przesłanek polskiej analizy zagranicznej jednostki kontrolowanej. Porównania dokonuje się według podatku faktycznie zapłaconego, obliczonego na zasadach polskich, a nie według stawki nominalnej, więc zwolnienia i ulgi mogą ściągnąć Cię z powrotem poniżej progu. Poprawia to pozycję, ale jej nie przesądza.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Czy Polska przypisze mi dochód mojej cypryjskiej spółki na podstawie przepisów o CFC?</summary><div class="a"><p>Może, jeżeli kontrolujesz nisko opodatkowaną spółkę zagraniczną osiągającą głównie dochód pasywny bez rzeczywistego substratu albo jeżeli spółka jest w istocie zarządzana z Polski. Cypryjska stawka 15% pomaga przy przesłance efektywnego opodatkowania, ale przesłanki kontroli i udziału dochodów pasywnych stosuje się niezależnie. Ochroną jest rzeczywisty substrat na Cyprze — ludzie, lokal i podejmowanie decyzji proporcjonalne do tego, czym spółka się zajmuje — wraz z rzeczywistym ustaniem polskiej rezydencji.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Jaki podatek pobierze Polska od dywidend z mojej polskiej spółki po przeprowadzce?</summary><div class="a"><p>Dywidendy ze źródeł polskich pozostają opodatkowane w Polsce, ale umowa ogranicza stawkę do 5% dla osoby fizycznej będącej rezydentem Cypru zamiast krajowych 19%, pod warunkiem przedstawienia cypryjskiego certyfikatu rezydencji podatkowej. Stawka 0% jest dostępna, gdy właścicielem rzeczywistym jest spółka posiadająca bezpośrednio co najmniej 10% kapitału nieprzerwanie przez 24 miesiące. Warto pamiętać, że Protokół z 2012 r. zniósł klauzulę tax sparing, więc odliczeniu podlega wyłącznie podatek faktycznie zapłacony.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Czy Cypr opodatkuje moją polską emeryturę?</summary><div class="a"><p>Emerytura zagraniczna otrzymywana przez cypryjskiego rezydenta podatkowego może być opodatkowana według fakultatywnej stawki liniowej 5% powyżej rocznej kwoty wolnej 5 000 € albo według zasad ogólnych, jeżeli są korzystniejsze. Reforma 2026 podniosła kwotę wolną z 3 420 € do 5 000 €. Emerytury państwowe mają często własne traktowanie traktatowe, które może zachować prawa do opodatkowania w państwie źródła, więc odpowiedź zależy od rodzaju świadczenia — potrzebna jest indywidualna porada.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>A podatek od spadków — Polska a Cypr?</summary><div class="a"><p>Polska pobiera podatek od spadków i darowizn według stawek 3–7%, 7–12% albo 12–20% w zależności od pokrewieństwa, z kwotami wolnymi 36 120 zł, 27 090 zł i 5 733 zł. Najbliższa rodzina jest w pełni zwolniona, pod warunkiem złożenia formularza SD-Z2 w terminie sześciu miesięcy; od 7 stycznia 2026 r. uchybiony termin może zostać przywrócony, jeżeli opóźnienie nastąpiło bez winy podatnika. Cypr zniósł podatek od spadków w 2000 roku i go nie ma. Składniki majątku położone w Polsce co do zasady pozostają objęte polskimi zasadami przy przeniesieniu, także po uzyskaniu cypryjskiej rezydencji podatkowej.</p></div></details>

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<p id="disclaimer" class="g-fine"><strong>Zastrzeżenie:</strong> Niniejszy artykuł ma charakter wyłącznie informacyjny i stanowi ogólne omówienie zagadnienia. Nie jest poradą prawną, podatkową ani finansową i nie należy go tak traktować ani na nim polegać. Przepisy podatkowe zmieniają się często, opisany stan prawny przedstawiono na dzień 7 września 2026 r., a indywidualne skutki zależą od indywidualnego stanu faktycznego. Polskie konsekwencje podatkowe — w szczególności exit tax, rezydencja podatkowa i ekspozycja na przepisy o CFC — powinny zostać potwierdzone przez odpowiednio wykwalifikowanego polskiego doradcę podatkowego oraz polskiego prawnika. Wdrożenie po stronie cypryjskiej wymaga indywidualnej oceny. Antonis K. Karas LLC nie ponosi odpowiedzialności, w zakresie dopuszczalnym przez prawo, za jakąkolwiek szkodę wynikającą z polegania na tej ogólnej publikacji. W procesie tworzenia artykułu wykorzystano narzędzia sztucznej inteligencji, zgodnie z rozporządzeniem (UE) 2024/1689 w sprawie sztucznej inteligencji (akt o sztucznej inteligencji); treść została zweryfikowana przez człowieka przed publikacją.</p>

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  <p class="g-drawer-stage">01 — Dlaczego Cypr</p>
  <a href="#s1">1. Dlaczego teraz</a><a href="#s2">2. Co Polska opodatkowuje</a><a href="#s3">3. Porównanie na 100 €</a><a href="#s4">4. Co oferuje Cypr</a>
  <p class="g-drawer-stage">02 — Czy mogę się przenieść?</p>
  <a href="#s5">5. Zasada 60 dni</a>
  <p class="g-drawer-stage">03 — Co może pójść nie tak?</p>
  <a href="#s6">6. Polski exit tax</a><a href="#s7">7. CFC i substrat</a><a href="#s8">8. Umowa PL–CY</a>
  <p class="g-drawer-stage">04 — Jak zrobić to właściwie</p>
  <a href="#s9">9. Przykłady liczbowe</a><a href="#s10">10. Życie na Cyprze</a><a href="#s11">11. Formalności imigracyjne</a><a href="#s12">12. Właściwa kolejność</a>
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<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/planowanie-podatkowe-cypr-polska-2026/">Planowanie podatkowe na Cyprze dla obywateli Polski: przewodnik 2026</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cyprus Tax Planning for Polish Nationals: The 2026 Guide</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-polish-nationals-the-2026-guide/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 17:16:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=3379</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Cyprus tax planning for Polish nationals in 2026: non-dom 0% SDC on dividends against Poland's 34.4% combined burden, the 60-day rule, the Poland-Cyprus treaty, and the exit tax you must resolve first.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-polish-nationals-the-2026-guide/">Cyprus Tax Planning for Polish Nationals: The 2026 Guide</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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.akk-pl-guide .g-dcard.pl:before{background:var(--pl)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-dcard.cy:before{background:var(--cy)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-dcard.risk:before{background:var(--risk)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-chip{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:9.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:11px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-chip.pl{background:rgba(122,64,64,.1);color:var(--pl);border:1px solid rgba(122,64,64,.25)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-chip.cy{background:rgba(44,67,112,.09);color:var(--cy);border:1px solid rgba(44,67,112,.24)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-chip.risk{background:rgba(179,69,46,.09);color:var(--risk);border:1px solid rgba(179,69,46,.26)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-dnum{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:clamp(26px,2.7vw,34px);font-weight:800;line-height:1;color:var(--navy);letter-spacing:-.02em;margin-bottom:9px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-dlab{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.55;color:#5a5a5a;margin:0}

/* ---------- LAYOUT: rail + main ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-layout{display:block}
.akk-pl-guide .g-main{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;min-width:0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-rail{display:none}

/* ---------- typography ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-main p{margin:0 0 18px}
.akk-pl-guide h2{font-size:clamp(22px,2.3vw,28px);color:var(--navy);margin:46px 0 16px;line-height:1.28;letter-spacing:-.005em;text-wrap:balance;overflow-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto;scroll-margin-top:96px;clear:both}
.akk-pl-guide h2 .num{display:inline-block;background:var(--gold);color:var(--navy);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:15px;font-weight:700;border-radius:50%;width:33px;height:33px;line-height:33px;text-align:center;margin-right:11px;vertical-align:middle;flex:0 0 auto}
.akk-pl-guide h3{font-size:19.5px;color:var(--navy);margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:break-word;hyphens:auto}
.akk-pl-guide .g-main ul,.akk-pl-guide .g-main ol{margin:0 0 20px;padding-left:1.35em}
.akk-pl-guide .g-main li{margin-bottom:9px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-fine{font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--sans);margin:10px 0 0}

/* ---------- STAGE dividers ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-stage{margin:64px 0 8px;padding:22px 24px;background:var(--navy);border-radius:12px;color:#fff;scroll-margin-top:96px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-stage-top{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:14px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-stage-num{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:30px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.02em;flex:0 0 auto}
.akk-pl-guide .g-stage-title{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff}
.akk-pl-guide .g-stage-sub{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.6;color:#c3cee3;margin:9px 0 0}

/* ---------- callouts ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-call{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);background:var(--paper);border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0;font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.65}
.akk-pl-guide .g-call>p{margin:0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-call-lab{display:block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:8px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-call.risk{border-left-color:var(--risk);background:#fdf4f2}
.akk-pl-guide .g-call.risk .g-call-lab{color:var(--risk)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-call.gate{border-left-color:var(--navy);background:#eef2f8}
.akk-pl-guide .g-call.gate .g-call-lab{color:var(--navy)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-bottomline{background:var(--gold-soft);border:1px solid var(--gold);border-radius:10px;padding:22px 26px;margin:28px 0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-bottomline p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}

/* ---------- tables ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.55;margin:20px 0}
.akk-pl-guide th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;text-align:left;padding:11px 13px;font-weight:700;font-size:13.5px;letter-spacing:.02em}
.akk-pl-guide td{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:11px 13px;vertical-align:top;background:#fff}
.akk-pl-guide tr:nth-child(even) td{background:var(--paper)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-scroll{overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;margin:20px 0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-scroll table{margin:0;min-width:520px}

/* ---------- MONEY JOURNEY ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-journey{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px;margin:26px 0 0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jcol{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;padding:22px 20px 20px;font-family:var(--sans);background:#fff}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jcol.pl{border-top:4px solid var(--pl)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jcol.cy{border-top:4px solid var(--cy);background:#fcfbf7}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jhead{font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);margin-bottom:16px;line-height:1.45}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jstep{text-align:center;padding:11px 8px;background:var(--paper);border-radius:8px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jstep.final{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jamt{font-size:clamp(22px,2.4vw,29px);font-weight:800;line-height:1.1;color:var(--navy);letter-spacing:-.02em}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jstep.final .g-jamt{color:var(--gold)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jlab{font-size:11.5px;color:#6a6a6a;margin-top:5px;line-height:1.45}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jstep.final .g-jlab{color:#cfd8ea}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jarrow{text-align:center;font-size:12px;color:#8a8a8a;padding:7px 0;line-height:1.4}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jarrow b{display:block;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--pl)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jcol.cy .g-jarrow b{color:var(--cy)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-jtot{margin-top:15px;padding-top:13px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);text-align:center}

/* ---------- VS comparison rows ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;font-family:var(--sans);margin:24px 0;background:#fff}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-head{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr 1fr;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-head>span{padding:11px 14px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr 1fr;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-row>div{padding:13px 14px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-row:nth-child(even){background:var(--paper)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-lab{font-weight:600;color:var(--navy)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-pl{border-left:2px solid rgba(122,64,64,.28)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-cy{border-left:2px solid rgba(44,67,112,.28)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-k{display:none;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8a8a8a;margin-bottom:3px}

/* ---------- CTA blocks ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-ctabox{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-radius:14px;padding:32px 28px;text-align:center;margin:40px 0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-ctabox h3{color:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:22px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-ctabox p{text-align:center;color:#cfd8ea;max-width:46em;margin:0 auto 20px;font-size:16.5px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-ctaslim{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);background:var(--paper);border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;padding:18px 22px;margin:30px 0;font-family:var(--sans)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-ctaslim p{margin:0;font-size:15.5px;color:var(--navy);font-weight:600;line-height:1.5}
.akk-pl-guide .g-ctaslim a{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:2px solid var(--gold);white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:2px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-ctaslim a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--navy)}

/* ---------- Paris mid-page trust block ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;background:#eef2f8;border:1px solid #d7e0ec;border-left:4px solid var(--navy);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;padding:24px 26px;margin:36px 0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk img{width:82px;height:82px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;flex:0 0 82px;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 3px 10px rgba(27,42,74,.16)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk-body{flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0;font-family:var(--sans)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk-q{font-size:16.5px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);margin:0 0 7px;line-height:1.45}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk-p{font-size:14px;color:#4a5768;margin:0 0 13px;line-height:1.6}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk-name{font-weight:700;color:var(--navy)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk-role{color:#5f6d80}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk a.g-deskcta{display:inline-block;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;padding:11px 22px;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none}
.akk-pl-guide .g-desk a.g-deskcta:hover{background:var(--navy2)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-deskfoot{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1em;margin:1.6em 0;padding:1em 1.4em;background:#eef3f8;border-left:4px solid #1B3A5B;border-radius:0 6px 6px 0}
.akk-pl-guide .g-deskfoot img{width:64px;height:64px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;flex:0 0 64px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-deskfoot p{margin:0;font-size:15px;color:#3d4c5e;font-family:var(--sans);line-height:1.6}

/* ---------- FAQ ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px;margin:10px 0}
.akk-pl-guide summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);padding:16px 18px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.45;list-style:none;position:relative;padding-right:46px}
.akk-pl-guide summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.akk-pl-guide summary:after{content:"+";position:absolute;right:18px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);font-size:22px;font-weight:400;color:var(--gold);line-height:1}
.akk-pl-guide details[open]>summary:after{content:"\2212"}
.akk-pl-guide details[open]>summary{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.akk-pl-guide details .a{padding:15px 18px;font-size:16.5px}
.akk-pl-guide details .a p{margin:0}

/* ---------- TOC fallback ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-toc{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:20px 24px;margin:0 0 30px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.9}
.akk-pl-guide .g-toc strong{display:block;margin-bottom:9px;color:var(--navy);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}
.akk-pl-guide .g-toc a{color:var(--navy);text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;margin:2px 9px 2px 0;border-bottom:1px dotted var(--gold)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-toc a:hover{border-bottom-style:solid}

/* ---------- mobile bar + drawer ---------- */
.akk-pl-guide .g-mobilebar{display:none}
.akk-pl-guide .g-drawer{display:none}

/* =================== RESPONSIVE =================== */
@media (min-width:1180px){
  .akk-pl-guide .g-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:222px minmax(0,1fr);gap:46px;align-items:start}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-main{margin:0}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-rail{display:block;position:sticky;top:26px;max-height:calc(100vh - 52px);overflow-y:auto;font-family:var(--sans);border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:18px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-rail-h{font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 14px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-rail-stage{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold);margin:16px 0 6px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-rail-stage:first-of-type{margin-top:0}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-rail a{display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;color:#5f5f5f;text-decoration:none;padding:5px 0 5px 12px;border-left:2px solid transparent;margin-left:-20px;transition:color .15s,border-color .15s}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-rail a:hover{color:var(--navy)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-rail a.active{color:var(--navy);font-weight:700;border-left-color:var(--gold)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-toc{display:none}
}
@media (max-width:1023px){
  .akk-pl-guide .g-hero-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;max-width:640px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-hero{padding:34px 22px 36px;text-align:left}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .akk-pl-guide{font-size:17px;padding-bottom:74px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-hero{padding:26px 18px 30px;border-radius:0 0 12px 12px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-hero h1{font-size:clamp(23px,6.2vw,30px);margin:10px 0 12px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-hero p.sub{font-size:15.5px;margin-bottom:20px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-hero-cta{gap:9px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-cta{padding:13px 20px;font-size:15px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-hero-cta .g-cta{flex:1 1 100%;text-align:center}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-viz{padding:18px 15px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-viz-row{gap:9px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-viz-box{padding:13px 11px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-viz-arrow{font-size:17px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-dash{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:11px;margin-bottom:28px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-dcard{padding:16px 14px 14px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-journey{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-vs-head{display:none}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-vs-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:4px 0}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-vs-row>div{padding:8px 15px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-vs-lab{padding-bottom:2px;font-size:14.5px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-vs-pl,.akk-pl-guide .g-vs-cy{margin:0 15px 0;padding:9px 12px;border-radius:6px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.025)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-vs-k{display:block}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-stage{margin:46px 0 8px;padding:18px 18px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-stage-num{font-size:25px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-stage-title{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.13em}
  .akk-pl-guide h2{font-size:21px;margin:36px 0 14px}
  .akk-pl-guide h2 .num{width:29px;height:29px;line-height:29px;font-size:13.5px;margin-right:9px}
  .akk-pl-guide h3{font-size:18px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-ctabox{padding:26px 20px;margin:32px 0}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-ctabox h3{font-size:19.5px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-ctabox p{font-size:15.5px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-ctaslim{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-desk{gap:16px;padding:20px 18px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-desk img{width:64px;height:64px;flex:0 0 64px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-deskfoot{flex-direction:column;text-align:center;gap:.8em;padding:1.1em}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-note{font-size:13px;padding:11px 15px}
  .akk-pl-guide summary{font-size:15px;padding:14px 42px 14px 15px}
  .akk-pl-guide details .a{padding:13px 15px;font-size:16px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-mobilebar{display:flex;position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:9998;background:var(--navy);padding:9px 10px;gap:8px;justify-content:center;box-shadow:0 -3px 14px rgba(0,0,0,.28)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-mobilebar>*{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:6px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.25;border:0;cursor:pointer}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-mobilebar .nav{background:transparent;border:1.5px solid rgba(255,255,255,.4);color:#fff}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-mobilebar .call{background:transparent;border:1.5px solid var(--gold);color:var(--gold)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-mobilebar .book{background:var(--gold);color:var(--navy)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer{display:block;position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:9999;background:rgba(15,22,38,.55);padding:0}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer[hidden]{display:none}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer-panel{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;max-height:78vh;overflow-y:auto;background:#fff;border-radius:14px 14px 0 0;padding:20px 20px 26px;font-family:var(--sans)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer-h{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:12px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer-h strong{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer-close{background:none;border:0;font-size:26px;line-height:1;color:var(--navy);cursor:pointer;padding:0 6px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer-stage{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold);margin:14px 0 4px}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer a{display:block;padding:11px 4px;font-size:15px;color:var(--navy);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-drawer a.active{font-weight:700}
}
@media (max-width:340px){.akk-pl-guide .g-dash{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
@media (max-width:400px){
.akk-pl-guide .g-viz-row{flex-direction:column}
  .akk-pl-guide .g-viz-arrow{transform:rotate(90deg);padding:2px 0}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .akk-pl-guide *{transition:none!important;animation:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}
}
</style>

<div class="g-hero">
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   <h1>Taking profit out of a Polish company costs 34.4%. In Cyprus, 15%.</h1>
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<style>
.akk-pl-guide .g-video{width:230px;margin:0 auto 22px}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-frame{position:relative;width:230px;height:409px;border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;background:#0f1b33;box-shadow:0 12px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.38)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-frame iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-play{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding:0;border:0;background:none;cursor:pointer;display:block}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-thumb{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;display:block}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-play:after{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(15,27,51,.16)}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-btn{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:2;width:62px;height:62px;border-radius:50%;background:#c9a227;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.4);transition:transform .18s ease}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-btn:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:55%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);border-style:solid;border-width:12px 0 12px 20px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #1b2a4a}
.akk-pl-guide .g-video-play:hover .g-video-btn{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.08)}
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   <div class="g-viz">
    <p class="g-viz-cap">Per &#x20AC;100 of distributed company profit</p>
    <div class="g-viz-row">
     <div class="g-viz-box pl">
      <p class="g-viz-ctry">Poland</p>
      <div class="g-viz-num">34.4%</div>
      <p class="g-viz-sub">Combined &#x2014; 19% corporate tax, then 19% dividend tax</p>
     </div>
     <div class="g-viz-arrow" aria-hidden="true">&#x2192;</div>
     <div class="g-viz-box cy">
      <p class="g-viz-ctry">Cyprus non-dom</p>
      <div class="g-viz-num">15%</div>
      <p class="g-viz-sub">Corporate tax, with 0% SDC on dividends (GHS applies)</p>
     </div>
    </div>
    <p class="g-viz-gate"><b>Before you move:</b> Poland&#x2019;s exit tax &#x2014; 19% on unrealised gains where covered assets exceed PLN 4,000,000 &#x2014; must be assessed first.</p>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="g-note">For information purposes only &#x2014; not legal or tax advice. <a href="#disclaimer">See full disclaimer &#x2193;</a></div><p class="g-fine" style="margin:10px 0 0">Published by <strong>ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</strong> &#x2014; a Cyprus law firm in Larnaca, established 1974 and regulated by the Cyprus Bar Association. Published <time datetime="2026-06-16">16 June 2026</time> &#xB7; last reviewed against primary sources <time datetime="2026-09-07">7 September 2026</time>.</p>

<div class="g-dash">
 <div class="g-dcard pl"><span class="g-chip pl">Poland</span><div class="g-dnum">34.4%</div><p class="g-dlab">Combined tax on profit distributed by a standard <em>sp. z o.o.</em> &#x2014; 19% corporate tax, then 19% dividend tax</p></div>
 <div class="g-dcard cy"><span class="g-chip cy">Cyprus</span><div class="g-dnum">0%</div><p class="g-dlab">Special Defence Contribution on worldwide dividends and interest for qualifying non-doms (GHS applies)</p></div>
 <div class="g-dcard risk"><span class="g-chip risk">Key risk</span><div class="g-dnum">PLN 4M</div><p class="g-dlab">Polish exit-tax threshold &#x2014; 19% on unrealised gains where covered assets exceed this value</p></div>
 <div class="g-dcard cy"><span class="g-chip cy">Cyprus</span><div class="g-dnum">60 days</div><p class="g-dlab">Tax residency route available where all four statutory conditions are met</p></div>
</div>

<div class="g-layout">

<nav class="g-rail" aria-label="Guide contents">
 <p class="g-rail-h">In this guide</p>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">01 &#x2014; Why Cyprus</p>
 <a href="#s1">Why now</a>
 <a href="#s2">What Poland taxes</a>
 <a href="#s3">The &#x20AC;100 comparison</a>
 <a href="#s4">What Cyprus offers</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">02 &#x2014; Can I move?</p>
 <a href="#s5">The 60-day rule</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">03 &#x2014; What can go wrong?</p>
 <a href="#s6">Poland&#x2019;s exit tax</a>
 <a href="#s7">CFC &amp; substance</a>
 <a href="#s8">The PL&#x2013;CY treaty</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">04 &#x2014; How to do it properly</p>
 <a href="#s9">Worked examples</a>
 <a href="#s10">Living in Cyprus</a>
 <a href="#s11">Immigration steps</a>
 <a href="#s12">The correct sequence</a>
 <p class="g-rail-stage">Reference</p>
 <a href="#faq">FAQ</a>
</nav>

<div class="g-main">

<p>This guide to Cyprus tax planning for Polish nationals covers what to consider before a move to Cyprus in 2026. It compares the Polish and Cypriot systems after the Cyprus tax reform that took effect on 1 January 2026 and Poland&#x2019;s 2026 changes, explains the non-dom 0% SDC advantage on dividends and interest, and sets out the Polish exit-tax position that has to be resolved before &#x2014; not after &#x2014; any move.</p>

<div class="g-toc"><strong>In this guide</strong>
  <a href="#s1">Why now</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s2">What Poland taxes in 2026</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s3">The &#x20AC;100 comparison</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s4">What Cyprus offers</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s5">The 60-day rule</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s6">Poland&#x2019;s exit tax</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s7">CFC &amp; substance</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s8">The PL&#x2013;CY treaty</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s9">Worked examples</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s10">Living in Cyprus</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s11">Immigration steps</a> &#xB7; <a href="#s12">The correct sequence</a> &#xB7; <a href="#faq">FAQ</a>
</div>

<h2>What this article covers</h2>
<ul>
  <li>Extracting profit from a standard Polish <em>sp. z o.o.</em> costs the founder roughly <strong>34.4%</strong> &#x2014; 19% corporate tax, then 19% dividend tax on what is left.</li>
  <li>The health contribution (<em>sk&#x142;adka zdrowotna</em>) remains largely non-deductible. The 2025 reform that would have reduced it was <strong>vetoed</strong>, and the minimum monthly contribution rose to <strong>PLN 432.54</strong> for 2026 &#x2014; about 37% higher than 2025.</li>
  <li><strong>Estonian CIT became less comfortable in 2026.</strong> The definition of &#x201C;hidden profits&#x201D; (<em>ukryte zyski</em>) was widened, and payments such as rent, lease and advisory fees to shareholders and related parties are more readily taxed at company level.</li>
  <li>Cyprus offers <strong>0% Special Defence Contribution on worldwide dividends and interest</strong> for qualifying non-domiciled residents &#x2014; for 17 years, extendable to a maximum of 27 (GHS and individual circumstances apply).</li>
  <li>Cyprus charges <strong>0% capital gains tax on securities</strong>, has <strong>no inheritance tax</strong>, and offers a 60-day tax residency route where the four conditions are met.</li>
  <li>Cyprus corporate tax rose to <strong>15%</strong> on 1 January 2026. That is not only a cost &#x2014; it now sits <strong>above Poland&#x2019;s 14.25% CFC effective-tax threshold</strong>, which changes one part of the Polish controlled-foreign-company analysis.</li>
  <li>Under the Poland&#x2013;Cyprus treaty, dividends paid from a Polish company to a Cyprus-resident individual are capped at <strong>5%</strong> rather than the 19% domestic rate &#x2014; with a Cyprus tax residency certificate.</li>
  <li>The gate is Poland&#x2019;s <strong>individual exit tax</strong> &#x2014; 19% on unrealised gains where covered assets exceed <strong>PLN 4,000,000</strong>. It can be triggered by your company shares on a change of residence. Model and fund it <strong>before</strong> any move.</li>
</ul>

<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Bottom line:</strong> Cyprus is a genuinely strong option for Polish founders distributing company profits, investors with securities portfolios, and retirees with foreign pensions. Unlike Romanians or Bulgarians, however, Poles face a real individual exit charge on departure. The exit-tax position must be modelled and funded first, the residency break must be genuine, and any Cyprus company must have real substance.</p>
<p><strong>Who should stop reading here:</strong> Polish employees on a fixed salary (<em>umowa o prac&#x119;</em>) with no company shareholding, no investment portfolio and no mobility. Also anyone whose distributed profits are modest and who is comfortably inside the 9% small-taxpayer CIT band &#x2014; at that scale the Polish combined cost of roughly 26% is unlikely to justify relocating your life. And anyone unwilling to actually move: Cyprus tax residence obtained on paper while your family, home and work stay in Poland is not a plan, it is an exposure.</p>
</div>

<div class="g-stage" id="stage1">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">01</span><span class="g-stage-title">Why Cyprus</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">What the two systems actually cost, and what Cyprus offers in 2026.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s1"><span class="num">1</span>Why Polish Founders and Investors Are Looking at Cyprus in 2026</h2>
<p>Poland built a generation of entrepreneurs on a tax cost that was manageable and, above all, predictable. Neither adjective fits as comfortably in 2026. The shift is not abstract policy &#x2014; it is visible on your own ZUS statements and corporate accounts.</p>

<h3>Profit distribution is taxed twice</h3>
<p>A standard <em>sp. z o.o.</em> pays corporate income tax at 19%, or 9% for qualifying small taxpayers on operating income. The owner then pays a further 19% on the dividend. The classical combined burden on distributed profit is about <strong>34.4%</strong> for a standard company, and roughly <strong>26%</strong> for a small taxpayer. This has not changed in 2026 &#x2014; but everything around it has.</p>

<h3>The health contribution is the layer that provokes most anger</h3>
<p>Since the Polish Deal (<em>Polski &#x141;ad</em>, 2022), the health contribution (<em>sk&#x142;adka zdrowotna</em>) is calculated on income for many entrepreneurs and is largely non-deductible. A 2025 reform to reduce it passed parliament and was <strong>vetoed by the President</strong>, and no replacement had been enacted as at the date of this review &#x2014; although the contribution remains politically live and proposals continue to circulate. The heavier rules therefore carry into 2026, and the minimum base moved from 75% to <strong>100% of the minimum wage</strong> from February 2026. In cash terms the minimum monthly contribution rose from <strong>PLN 314.96</strong> to <strong>PLN 432.54</strong> &#x2014; an increase of about 37%, payable even in a loss-making year.</p>

<h3>Estonian CIT still helps &#x2014; but it tightened in 2026</h3>
<p>Poland&#x2019;s Estonian CIT (<em>esto&#x144;ski CIT</em>) defers tax until profits are distributed, bringing the effective combined rate to roughly <strong>20%</strong> for small taxpayers and <strong>25%</strong> for others. It remains a genuinely valuable domestic tool, and for many founders it is the right answer without leaving Poland at all.</p>
<p>It became less forgiving in 2026. The concept of &#x201C;hidden profits&#x201D; (<em>ukryte zyski</em>) was redefined: the requirement that a benefit be connected with the right to share in profit was removed, and the catalogue was widened to capture payments such as rent, lease and advisory fees made to shareholders or related parties. A definition of expenditure unconnected with business activity was added. Mid-year entry into the regime is being withdrawn. In practice this means founder&#x2013;company transactions that were previously tolerated now carry a real risk of taxation at company level, and existing individual tax rulings should be re-checked rather than assumed to hold.</p>

<h3>The solidarity levy and rising ZUS add to the load</h3>
<p>A 4% solidarity levy (<em>danina solidarno&#x15B;ciowa</em>) applies to annual income above PLN 1,000,000, taking the top marginal rate on that income to an effective 36%. ZUS social-insurance bases rose again for 2026.</p>

<h2 id="s2"><span class="num">2</span>What Does Poland Actually Tax in 2026?</h2>
<div class="g-call"><span class="g-call-lab">Important</span><p>These rates are general orientation as at September 2026. Polish tax law has changed repeatedly since 2022 and further packages are in progress. Do not act on any figure here without a current, individual assessment from a qualified Polish tax adviser (<em>doradca podatkowy</em>).</p></div>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Item</th><th scope="col">2026 position</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Personal income tax (PIT)</strong></td><td>Progressive 12% to PLN 120,000 and 32% above; PLN 30,000 tax-free allowance</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Flat / lump-sum business options</strong></td><td>Flat tax (<em>podatek liniowy</em>) 19%; lump-sum on recorded revenue (<em>rycza&#x142;t</em>) at activity-based rates</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Dividend tax (individuals)</strong></td><td>19% (the &#x201C;Belka&#x201D; tax), generally a final withholding tax</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Corporate income tax (CIT)</strong></td><td>19% standard; 9% for small taxpayers (prior-year revenue under &#x20AC;2m) on operating income</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Estonian CIT (<em>esto&#x144;ski CIT</em>)</strong></td><td>Tax on distribution &#x2014; 10% (small/startup) or 20% (others); effective combined burden ~20% / ~25%. <strong>2026: hidden-profit rules widened</strong>; strict eligibility conditions</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Capital gains / investment income</strong></td><td>19% (Belka) on securities, dividends and interest</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Health contribution (<em>sk&#x142;adka zdrowotna</em>)</strong></td><td>9% (tax scale) / 4.9% (flat tax) / tiered (lump-sum); largely non-deductible; 2026 minimum base 100% of minimum wage &#x2014; minimum <strong>PLN 432.54</strong> per month</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>ZUS social insurance</strong></td><td>Rising bases for 2026; pension and disability base capped at 30 average salaries</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Solidarity levy</strong></td><td>4% on annual income above PLN 1,000,000 (effective 36% on that income)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Inheritance and gift tax</strong></td><td>Yes &#x2014; Group I 3&#x2013;7%, Group II 7&#x2013;12%, Group III 12&#x2013;20%; allowances PLN 36,120 / 27,090 / 5,733. Close family (&#x201C;group zero&#x201D;) fully exempt if <strong>SD-Z2</strong> is filed within 6 months</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Exit tax (individuals)</strong></td><td><strong>19%</strong> on unrealised gains where covered assets exceed <strong>PLN 4,000,000</strong> (3% where acquisition cost cannot be determined) &#x2014; covers company shares; see Section 6</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>CFC attribution</strong></td><td>19% on attributed passive income of a controlled foreign entity; effective-tax gateway set at <strong>14.25%</strong>; see Section 7</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Standard VAT</strong></td><td>23% &#x2014; context only</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">One 2026 easement worth knowing: from 7 January 2026 a taxpayer who missed the six-month SD-Z2 deadline may apply to have it restored where the delay occurred without their fault.</p>

<h2 id="s3"><span class="num">3</span>The Number That Drives the Conversation</h2>
<p>Follow &#x20AC;100 of company profit from the books of a standard <em>sp. z o.o.</em> to the founder&#x2019;s personal account.</p>

<div class="g-journey">
 <div class="g-jcol pl">
  <p class="g-jhead"><span class="g-chip pl">Poland</span><br>Standard <em>sp. z o.o.</em></p>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">&#x20AC;100.00</div><div class="g-jlab">Company profit</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>&#x2212; 19% corporate tax</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">&#x20AC;81.00</div><div class="g-jlab">After corporate tax</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>&#x2212; 19% dividend tax</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep final"><div class="g-jamt">&#x20AC;65.61</div><div class="g-jlab">Reaches the founder</div></div>
  <p class="g-jtot">Effective &#x2248; 34.4%</p>
 </div>
 <div class="g-jcol cy">
  <p class="g-jhead"><span class="g-chip cy">Cyprus</span><br>Qualifying non-dom resident</p>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">&#x20AC;100.00</div><div class="g-jlab">Company profit</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>&#x2212; 15% corporate tax</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep"><div class="g-jamt">&#x20AC;85.00</div><div class="g-jlab">After corporate tax</div></div>
  <div class="g-jarrow"><span aria-hidden="true">&#x2193;</span><b>0% SDC for qualifying non-dom</b></div>
  <div class="g-jstep final"><div class="g-jamt">&#x20AC;85.00</div><div class="g-jlab">Reaches the founder, before GHS</div></div>
  <p class="g-jtot">Effective &#x2248; 15% &#x2014; &#x2248; &#x20AC;82.75 after GHS at 2.65%</p>
 </div>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Indicative only, and it assumes the profit is actually distributed and that you have genuinely become a Cyprus tax resident with non-dom status. A Polish small taxpayer on 9% CIT keeps roughly &#x20AC;73.71; an Estonian CIT structure lands at an effective ~20&#x2013;25%. Excludes deductibility, timing, salary, treaty position, company substance and individual circumstances. The GHS figure assumes the annual GHS ceiling has not been reached. Not tax advice.</p>

<div class="g-vs">
 <div class="g-vs-head"><span>Tax item</span><span>Poland</span><span>Cyprus non-dom</span></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Dividend / profit extraction</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Poland</span>~34.4% combined (19% + 19%)</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cyprus non-dom</span>15% CIT + 0% SDC (GHS applies)</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Capital gains (securities)</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Poland</span>19%</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cyprus non-dom</span>0%</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Inheritance tax</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Poland</span>3&#x2013;20% by group; close family exempt via SD-Z2</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cyprus non-dom</span>0%</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Residency threshold</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Poland</span>183 days or centre of vital interests</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cyprus non-dom</span>60-day route available (4 conditions)</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Exit tax on leaving</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Poland</span><strong>19% above PLN 4,000,000</strong></div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cyprus non-dom</span>&#x2014;</div></div>
 <div class="g-vs-row"><div class="g-vs-lab">Treaty cap on dividends from the other state</div><div class="g-vs-pl"><span class="g-vs-k">Poland</span>5% to a Cyprus-resident individual</div><div class="g-vs-cy"><span class="g-vs-k">Cyprus non-dom</span>0% Cyprus withholding outbound</div></div>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Indicative only. Individual results depend on structure, the quality of the residency break and the exit-tax position. Not tax advice.</p>

<div class="g-ctabox">
  <h3>Want these numbers run on your own situation?</h3>
  <p>A 30-minute consultation tells you whether the move makes sense &#x2014; before you commit to anything.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=article&amp;utm_medium=guide&amp;utm_campaign=pl_guide">Discuss your Cyprus move &#x2192;</a>
</div>

<h2 id="s4"><span class="num">4</span>What Does Cyprus Offer Polish Nationals?</h2><p><strong>In short:</strong> a qualifying non-domiciled Cyprus tax resident pays <strong>0% Special Defence Contribution on worldwide dividends and interest</strong> for 17 years, extendable to a maximum of 27. Corporate income tax is <strong>15%</strong> from 1 January 2026, capital gains on securities are taxed at <strong>0%</strong>, and Cyprus levies no inheritance tax. GHS contributions and individual circumstances apply. The table sets out the 2026 position in detail.</p>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col">Feature</th><th scope="col">2026 position</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Non-dom &#x2014; dividends and interest</strong></td><td>0% SDC on worldwide dividends and interest for 17 years (GHS and individual circumstances apply). Once the 17 years run out you are deemed Cyprus-domiciled, but you may then elect the <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">alternative method of imposing SDC</a> under Article 3D of the Special Contribution for Defence Law and Circular 02/2026: two consecutive five-year blocks at &#x20AC;250,000 each, up to 27 years in total. The application is made on Form TD 631 by 30 June of the first year of each block, and the election is irrevocable</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>SDC &#x2014; domiciled residents (dividends)</strong></td><td>Reduced from 17% to <strong>5%</strong> on dividends paid from profits earned from 1 January 2026. A separate bracket from the 0% non-dom rate above, which is unchanged</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Deemed dividend distribution</strong></td><td><strong>Abolished</strong> for profits earned from 1 January 2026. Transitional rules keep the earlier years in scope on the ordinary two-year timetable: undistributed 2024 profits are deemed distributed on 31 December 2026, and undistributed 2025 profits on 31 December 2027. This affects Cyprus tax residents who are also domiciled &#x2014; a qualifying non-dom pays no SDC on a deemed distribution</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Tax residency &#x2014; 60-day route</strong></td><td>Available where all four statutory conditions are met (from 1 January 2026; the previous fifth condition was removed)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Tax residency &#x2014; 183-day route</strong></td><td>Standard alternative; simpler to evidence</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Personal income tax bands</strong></td><td>0% to &#x20AC;22,000; 20% to &#x20AC;32,000; 25% to &#x20AC;42,000; 30% to &#x20AC;72,000; 35% above &#x20AC;72,000</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Corporate income tax</strong></td><td>15% (raised from 12.5% on 1 January 2026)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Capital gains on securities</strong></td><td>0% (Cyprus immovable property is taxed separately)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Inheritance tax</strong></td><td>None (abolished 2000)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Foreign pensions</strong></td><td>Elective flat 5% above a &#x20AC;5,000 annual exemption (raised from &#x20AC;3,420 by the 2026 reform), or the ordinary bands &#x2014; whichever is better. Treaty and source rules may override</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>General Healthcare System (GHS/GESY)</strong></td><td>2.65% on dividends, interest and rents for residents; contributions capped once total income reaches &#x20AC;180,000 &#x2014; roughly &#x20AC;4,770 a year</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Outbound dividends/interest</strong></td><td>Generally 0% Cyprus withholding to non-residents</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>50% employment exemption</strong></td><td>Under <strong>Article 8(23A)</strong>: 50% of Cyprus employment income exempt where annual remuneration exceeds &#x20AC;55,000, for up to 17 years, subject to a prior non-residence condition. Portable if you change employer</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>IP Box</strong></td><td>Effective <strong>~3%</strong> on qualifying IP income (80% deduction against the 15% rate &#x2014; up from ~2.5% when CIT was 12.5%)</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p class="g-fine">Sources: Cyprus tax reform legislation passed 22 December 2025 and published in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025, applying from 1 January 2026; Cyprus Income Tax Law and Special Contribution for Defence Law as amended; PwC Cyprus Tax Insights.</p>

<div class="g-stage" id="stage2">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">02</span><span class="g-stage-title">Can I move?</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">The Cyprus residency routes &#x2014; and why qualifying in Cyprus is only half the question.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s5"><span class="num">5</span>The 60-Day Rule: What Polish Nationals Need to Know</h2><p><strong>Does becoming a Cyprus tax resident automatically end your Polish tax residence? No.</strong> Poland applies its own tests &#x2014; your centre of personal or economic interests, or more than 183 days in Poland in the tax year &#x2014; and either limb is enough on its own. The two residences can therefore overlap until the Poland&#x2013;Cyprus treaty tie-breaker resolves the position on your facts.</p>
<p>Cyprus offers one of the EU&#x2019;s most flexible statutory tax residency routes, including a 60-day route where the conditions are met. From 1 January 2026 the rule has four conditions &#x2014; the old fifth condition, that you not be tax resident anywhere else, was removed.</p>
<div class="g-bottomline">
<p><strong>Cyprus 60-day rule &#x2014; four conditions (from 1 January 2026)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>At least 60 days in Cyprus in the calendar year</li>
<li>No more than 183 days in any single other country</li>
<li>A permanent Cyprus home, owned or rented, maintained available to you all year</li>
<li>An active Cyprus tie &#x2014; business, employment or a directorship, not terminated during the year</li>
</ol>
<p class="g-fine">Source: <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Tax Department &#x2014; Tax Residency and Domicility</a>, which also sets out the 183-day rule, the day-counting method and the 17-of-20-years deemed-domicile rule.</p>
</div>
<div class="g-call gate"><span class="g-call-lab">Decision point</span><p><strong>The removal of the fifth condition is not the gift it first appears.</strong> It makes Cyprus residence easier to claim, but it also makes <em>dual</em> residence more likely &#x2014; because Cyprus no longer requires you to be free of foreign tax residence, nothing stops Poland from continuing to claim you at the same time. That pushes the outcome onto the treaty tie-breaker and onto your facts, which is a harder place to win than a clean single residence.</p></div>
<p><strong>The trap is the Polish side.</strong> Poland decides its own tax residency independently. You are a Polish tax resident if your centre of personal or economic interests (<em>o&#x15B;rodek interes&#xF3;w &#x17C;yciowych</em>) is in Poland, <em>or</em> if you spend more than 183 days in Poland in the tax year. Either limb is enough on its own &#x2014; counting days is not a defence if your family and business life remain in Warsaw.</p>
<p>A clean Polish residency break therefore requires genuine action: shifting the centre of vital interests toward Cyprus (home, family, principal economic activity and management), updating your details with the Polish tax office, filing correctly for the part-year, and obtaining a Cyprus tax residency certificate. Cyprus accepting you does not, by itself, mean Poland releases you &#x2014; and the exit tax in the next section is triggered precisely by the change of residence.</p>

<div class="g-stage" id="stage3">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">03</span><span class="g-stage-title">What can go wrong?</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">Exit tax, continuing Polish residence, CFC attribution, place of management and treaty anti-abuse.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s6"><span class="num">6</span>Poland&#x2019;s Exit Tax: The Gating Issue</h2>
<div class="g-call risk"><span class="g-call-lab">Before you move</span><p><strong>Read this before anything else.</strong> Poland imposes an individual exit tax. For a founder with valuable company shares it can be the largest single number in the whole exercise &#x2014; and it falls due on paper gains, without a sale and without cash coming in. Model and fund it before any move, not after.</p></div>
<p>Poland introduced an individual exit tax (<em>podatek od niezrealizowanych zysk&#xF3;w</em>) in 2019, implementing the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive through Articles 30da&#x2013;30di of the PIT Act. It taxes the unrealised increase in the value of your assets when you change tax residence and Poland loses the right to tax the future gain. <strong>No sale is required.</strong></p>
<p>The regime covers shares in an <em>sp. z o.o.</em> or a joint-stock company, partnership rights, securities, bonds, derivatives and fund units. The rate is <strong>19%</strong>, or 3% where the acquisition cost cannot be determined, and it applies where the aggregate market value of covered personal assets exceeds <strong>PLN 4,000,000</strong>.</p>

<h3>The mechanics, in order</h3>
<ol>
<li>You hold covered assets &#x2014; typically company shares &#x2014; carrying significant unrealised gain.</li>
<li>You change tax residence away from Poland, so Poland loses the right to tax the future disposal.</li>
<li>Poland treats those assets as disposed of at market value, producing a deemed gain.</li>
<li>19% falls on that gain above the PLN 4,000,000 threshold. A <strong>PIT-NZ</strong> declaration is due by the seventh day of the month following the month in which the change of residence occurred.</li>
</ol>

<h3>The founder&#x2019;s shock, and what can be done about it</h3>
<p>The common shock is a founder whose shares were once worth very little and are now worth millions. A change of residence can crystallise 19% on that paper growth without a single share being sold. Valuation is therefore not a formality &#x2014; it is the number the whole decision turns on, and it should be prepared properly and contemporaneously.</p>
<p><strong>Deferral is available, but it is neither automatic nor free.</strong> On application, payment may be spread into instalments over a period of up to five years from the end of the tax year in which the liability arose, where the move is to an EU or EEA state with appropriate mutual assistance arrangements. Cyprus qualifies on that criterion. Where there is a real risk to recovery, the tax office may require security &#x2014; a bank guarantee, cash deposit or lien &#x2014; and a prolongation fee is charged. Treat deferral as something to be applied for and negotiated, not assumed.</p>
<div class="g-call"><span class="g-call-lab">Important</span><p><strong>An open question worth knowing about.</strong> Whether Poland may charge exit tax on individuals on a bare change of residence, as opposed to a transfer of assets, has been argued to go further than the Directive requires and to sit uneasily with EU free-movement principles. The point is genuinely contested and has not been settled definitively. It is a reason to take specialist Polish advice on your specific facts &#x2014; not a reason to assume the charge will not apply.</p></div>
<p><strong>Company level is a separate question.</strong> An exit charge can also arise under the CIT rules if a Polish company transfers assets, functions, or its seat or place of management abroad. Moving yourself and migrating your company are two different decisions with two different tax consequences. Sequence them deliberately, with advice on both.</p>

<h2 id="s7"><span class="num">7</span>CFC Rules and Substance</h2>
<p>Poland has controlled-foreign-company rules (<em>zagraniczna jednostka kontrolowana</em>). A Polish-resident shareholder controlling a low-taxed foreign company can have that company&#x2019;s passive income attributed back and taxed in Poland at 19%.</p>
<p>One gateway turns on effective taxation: broadly, the CFC rules can bite where the foreign company&#x2019;s actual tax is at least 25% lower than the Polish tax that would have been due &#x2014; an effective-rate threshold of <strong>14.25%</strong>. This is where the Cyprus reform matters in an unexpected way. At the old 12.5% rate, a Cyprus company sat below that line. At <strong>15% from 1 January 2026, it sits above it.</strong></p>
<div class="g-call risk"><span class="g-call-lab">Key risk</span><p><strong>Do not over-read this.</strong> The comparison is made on tax actually paid, computed by reference to Polish rules, not on headline rates &#x2014; so Cyprus exemptions, deductions such as the IP Box, or losses can pull the effective rate back below the threshold. The effective-rate test is also only one gateway: control and the proportion of passive income matter independently, and the substance carve-out is assessed on facts. A 15% headline rate helps the analysis. It does not conclude it.</p></div>
<p>Two risks dominate in practice:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>CFC attribution</strong> &#x2014; a Cyprus company that mostly collects dividends, interest or royalties with no genuine economic activity behind it can have that passive income pulled into the Polish shareholder&#x2019;s base.</li>
<li><strong>Place of effective management</strong> &#x2014; a Cyprus company whose real decisions are all taken in Warsaw risks being treated as a Polish tax resident regardless of where it is incorporated, which is a larger problem than CFC attribution because it exposes all of the company&#x2019;s income.</li>
</ul>
<p>The answer to both is substance: real management and genuine decision-making in Cyprus, with people, premises and activity proportionate to what the company actually does &#x2014; and, ideally, a shareholder who genuinely lives there. A Cyprus company managed by telephone from Poland is a compliance liability, not a tax structure.</p>

<h2 id="s8"><span class="num">8</span>The Poland&#x2013;Cyprus Double Tax Treaty</h2>
<p>Poland and Cyprus have a double tax convention, substantially amended by the Protocol signed in Nicosia on 22 March 2012, which took effect from 1 January 2013. It has since been overlaid by the OECD Multilateral Instrument. Once your Polish tax residency has genuinely ended and the treaty tie-breaker resolves in Cyprus&#x2019;s favour, Poland should generally cease taxing you on worldwide income. The practical points that matter:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The tie-breaker runs in a fixed order</strong> &#x2014; permanent home available to you, then centre of vital interests, then habitual abode, then nationality. It is decided on facts, not on paperwork.</li>
<li><strong>Dividends from a Polish company.</strong> The treaty caps Polish withholding at <strong>5%</strong> for a Cyprus-resident individual, against the 19% domestic rate. A 0% rate applies where the beneficial owner is a company (not a partnership) holding directly at least 10% of the capital for an uninterrupted 24 months. A Cyprus tax residency certificate is required to claim either.</li>
<li><strong>Interest</strong> &#x2014; the Protocol reduced the cap from 10% to <strong>5%</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus outbound</strong> &#x2014; Cyprus levies no withholding on dividends or interest paid to non-residents, and no SDC arises for a qualifying non-dom on dividends received.</li>
<li><strong>Tax sparing was abolished</strong> by the Protocol. A Polish resident receiving a Cyprus dividend may now credit only tax actually paid in Cyprus. For a non-dom paying 0% SDC there is nothing to credit &#x2014; which is precisely why the Cyprus advantage depends on genuinely ceasing to be a Polish resident, rather than on holding a Cyprus company while living in Poland.</li>
<li><strong>Directors&#x2019; fees</strong> &#x2014; the Protocol ended the historical arrangement under which a Polish resident could receive Cyprus director&#x2019;s fees on favourable terms. That route is closed.</li>
<li><strong>Polish-source income</strong> &#x2014; rents on Polish property, and business profits attributable to a Polish permanent establishment, generally remain taxable in Poland after a valid move.</li>
</ul>
<div class="g-call"><span class="g-call-lab">Important</span><p>The MLI has applied to this treaty since <strong>1 January 2021</strong> for withholding taxes, and to other taxes for periods beginning on or after 1 November 2020. It adds a <strong>principal purpose test</strong>: treaty benefits can be denied where obtaining them was one of the principal purposes of an arrangement. Do not read the 1992 convention on its own &#x2014; the Polish Ministry of Finance publishes the <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/media/bihfcf3x/dta-poland-cyprus-mli-synthesised-text-clean.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">synthesised text of the Poland&#x2013;Cyprus convention as modified by the MLI</a>, and that is the text to check before relying on any specific rate or article.</p></div>

<div class="g-desk">
 <img src="https://karas-law.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PARIS-PETRALLIS-150x150.jpg" alt="Paris Petrallis, Lawyer and Polish Desk Coordinator, Antonis K. Karas LLC" width="82" height="82" loading="lazy" decoding="async">
 <div class="g-desk-body">
  <p class="g-desk-q">Questions about the Cyprus side of a proposed move?</p>
  <p class="g-desk-p">This is the part of the analysis where general guidance stops being useful and the facts start to decide the outcome. <span class="g-desk-name"><a href="https://karas-law.com/paris-petrallis/">Paris Petrallis</a></span>, <span class="g-desk-role">Lawyer and Polish Desk Coordinator</span>, coordinates enquiries about this guide.</p>
  <a class="g-deskcta" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=article&amp;utm_medium=guide&amp;utm_campaign=pl_guide_desk">Speak to our Polish Desk &#x2192;</a>
 </div>
</div>

<div class="g-stage" id="stage4">
 <div class="g-stage-top"><span class="g-stage-num">04</span><span class="g-stage-title">How to do it properly</span></div>
 <p class="g-stage-sub">Worked examples, life on the island, the immigration formalities and the order the steps must be taken in.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="s9"><span class="num">9</span>Four Worked Examples</h2>
<p class="g-fine"><em>Indicative illustrations only.</em> They show the direction and approximate scale of potential differences &#x2014; not any individual&#x2019;s tax position. Each assumes profits are actually distributed, that Polish tax residence has genuinely ended, and that Cyprus non-dom status applies. Actual outcomes depend on social contributions, the health contribution, deductibility, timing, treaty position, the quality of the residency break, company substance and individual circumstances. None of this is tax advice.</p>

<h3>Example 1 &#x2014; <em>sp. z o.o.</em> founder: &#x20AC;200,000 of distributable profit</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Poland</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Corporate tax on &#x20AC;200k profit</td><td>19% &#x2192; &#x20AC;38,000</td><td>15% &#x2192; &#x20AC;30,000</td></tr>
<tr><td>Dividend / distribution</td><td>19% on &#x20AC;162,000 &#x2248; &#x20AC;30,780</td><td>0% SDC for qualifying non-dom</td></tr>
<tr><td>Health / social context</td><td><em>Sk&#x142;adka zdrowotna</em>, largely non-deductible</td><td>GHS 2.65% on the distribution &#x2248; &#x20AC;4,505, capped at &#x2248; &#x20AC;4,770 a year</td></tr>
<tr><td>Net to founder (approx.)</td><td>&#x2248; &#x20AC;131,200</td><td>&#x2248; &#x20AC;165,500</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>The annual difference is on the order of &#x20AC;34,000 for a standard company</strong> &#x2014; recurring, every year profits are distributed. An Estonian CIT structure narrows the gap materially, to roughly &#x20AC;15,000&#x2013;20,000 a year. The gate remains the exit-tax position and a genuine Polish residency break.</p>

<h3>Example 2 &#x2014; IT contractor / B2B sole trader: &#x20AC;120,000 a year</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Poland</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Indicative effective burden</td><td>~25&#x2013;30% (flat tax or <em>rycza&#x142;t</em>, plus the largely non-deductible health contribution and ZUS)</td><td>Potentially materially lower where the Article 8(23A) 50% exemption applies above &#x20AC;55,000 &#x2014; plus social insurance and GHS</td></tr>
<tr><td>Residency basis</td><td>Centre of vital interests / 183 days</td><td>60-day route (4 conditions)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Key 2026 feature</td><td>Health-contribution reform vetoed; minimum contribution up ~37%</td><td>50% exemption may apply, portable across employers, up to 17 years</td></tr>
<tr><td>Exit tax exposure</td><td>Usually low &#x2014; few covered assets, rarely above PLN 4m</td><td>&#x2014;</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>This is the profile where the exit tax is least likely to bite and the residency break is the whole game.</strong> A contractor typically holds no valuable shareholding, so the PLN 4,000,000 threshold is rarely reached. The principal risk is an incomplete break: a Cyprus base used a few weeks a year while family and clients stay in Poland will not shift residency, and the 50% exemption requires genuine Cyprus employment, not an invoice address.</p>

<h3>Example 3 &#x2014; Founder preparing to sell: shares worth &#x20AC;5m</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Poland</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>On departure (paper gain)</td><td><strong>19% exit tax on the unrealised gain</strong> &#x2014; on a &#x20AC;5m holding built from a nominal base, approaching &#x20AC;950,000, payable without a sale</td><td>&#x2014;</td></tr>
<tr><td>Later actual sale of shares</td><td>19% if still Polish resident</td><td>0% capital gains on securities</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cash position</td><td>Charge falls before any sale proceeds exist; instalments over up to 5 years may be available on application</td><td>Recurring 0% SDC / 0% CGT once genuinely resident</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>This is the example where Poland differs sharply from Romania or Bulgaria, and where sequence cuts both ways.</strong> Cyprus&#x2019;s 0% on a later sale is highly attractive, but the Polish exit charge crystallises first, on paper gains, and the liquidity to pay it has to come from somewhere. Over a multi-year horizon the recurring savings can outweigh the one-off cost &#x2014; but only if the charge is modelled, the valuation is defensible, the instalment application is made, and the move is real and settled well before any transaction. A residency change executed weeks before a pre-agreed sale invites challenge under anti-abuse principles, including the treaty&#x2019;s principal purpose test.</p>

<h3>Example 4 &#x2014; Retiree / passive investor: &#x20AC;60,000 pension + &#x20AC;40,000 investment income</h3>
<div class="g-scroll">
<table>
<tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">Poland</th><th scope="col">Cyprus (non-dom)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Pension &#x20AC;60,000</td><td>Polish treatment depends on pension type, source and treaty position</td><td>Elective 5% above &#x20AC;5,000 &#x2248; &#x20AC;2,750 (or the ordinary bands, whichever is better)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Investment &#x20AC;40,000</td><td>19% Belka tax &#x2248; &#x20AC;7,600</td><td>0% SDC; GHS 2.65% &#x2248; &#x20AC;1,060</td></tr>
<tr><td>Estate</td><td>Inheritance and gift tax applies; close-family exemption depends on filing SD-Z2 within 6 months</td><td>0% inheritance tax &#x2014; no filing trap</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>For this profile the estate dimension often matters as much as the income tax.</strong> The recurring difference on investment income compounds, and Cyprus has no inheritance tax at all. Two cautions: state pensions frequently have their own treaty treatment that can keep taxing rights in Poland regardless of where you live, and Polish-situated assets stay within Polish succession and transfer rules even after you become a Cyprus resident.</p>

<div class="g-ctaslim">
 <p>Which of these four is closest to your situation?</p>
 <a href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=article&amp;utm_medium=guide&amp;utm_campaign=pl_guide_examples">Tell us your situation &#x2192;</a>
</div>

<h2 id="s10"><span class="num">10</span>Cyprus as a Physical Base for Poles</h2>
<p>As EU citizens, Poles need no work permit and no visa. A Polish community and Polish-language services have grown steadily on the island, concentrated around Larnaca, Limassol and Nicosia. Direct flights connect Larnaca with Warsaw, with seasonal services from cities including Gda&#x144;sk, Katowice, Krak&#xF3;w and Wroc&#x142;aw and further connections via Paphos; flight time is roughly three and a half hours. Carriers and routes change seasonally and should be checked before travel.</p>
<p>English is the working language of business and professional services, which removes much of the friction that makes relocation hard elsewhere. Residents access the General Healthcare System (GESY), and English-curriculum international schools operate in Larnaca, Limassol and Nicosia. Cost-of-living comparisons depend heavily on city, family size, housing and lifestyle &#x2014; Limassol in particular is no longer a cheap city &#x2014; but for founders extracting six-figure profits the tax difference usually dwarfs the living-cost difference.</p>

<h2 id="s11"><span class="num">11</span>Immigration: Yellow Slip, Tax Certificate, and What Follows</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (form MEU1)</strong> &#x2014; the EU registration certificate, to be applied for no later than four months after entry if you intend to stay more than three months. The fee is &#x20AC;20 per applicant, it is normally issued at the local Immigration Unit, and it does not expire. Failure to register can attract a fine.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus Tax Identification Code (TIC)</strong> &#x2014; needed to open bank accounts, form a company and file tax returns.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus tax residency certificate</strong> &#x2014; the document that anchors your treaty position with the Polish tax office. In a clean case, allow roughly 60&#x2013;90 days from satisfying the conditions.</li>
<li><strong>Non-EU family members</strong> &#x2014; register on <strong>form MEU2</strong>, which is examined by the Migration Department (formerly the Civil Registry and Migration Department, and part of the Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection since 2024). This is the route for family members of an EU citizen; it is not the Pink Slip, which is the separate temporary residence permit for third-country nationals generally.</li>
</ul>
<p class="g-fine" style="margin:0 0 14px">The Firm handles these steps as one process &#x2014; see <a href="https://karas-law.com/relocation-cyprus/">Relocate to Cyprus: legal and tax support</a>.</p><p>The Yellow Slip evidences your registered right of residence as an EU citizen &#x2014; it is an immigration document, not a tax one, and it does not make you a Cyprus tax resident. The tax residency certificate evidences your Cyprus tax residence, but it does not by itself oblige Poland to accept the position. Only a genuine shift of your centre of vital interests does that.</p>

<h2 id="s12"><span class="num">12</span>The Correct Sequence: How to Structure the Move</h2>
<p><strong>Sequence matters &#x2014; do not skip steps.</strong> The Polish assessment, and the exit tax in particular, comes first. The Cyprus implementation follows.</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Polish tax and exit-tax assessment.</strong> Identify all covered assets, value them properly and contemporaneously, model the charge and any instalment position, and review CFC exposure and corporate exit-tax triggers. Take advice from a <em>doradca podatkowy</em>.</li>
<li><strong>Polish residency-break planning.</strong> Assess the centre of vital interests &#x2014; family, home, economic activity, where decisions are actually taken. This has to be genuine, not a paper exercise.</li>
<li><strong>Secure a Cyprus home.</strong> Own or rent a Cyprus property available to you throughout the year.</li>
<li><strong>Yellow Slip (MEU1) and TIC.</strong> Register your EU residence and obtain your Cyprus Tax ID; MEU2 for non-EU family members.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus company or employment structure, if needed.</strong> Form a Cyprus company with genuine substance; review eligibility for the Article 8(23A) 50% exemption and for non-dom status.</li>
<li><strong>Polish filings.</strong> Update your details with the tax office (ZAP-3, or NIP-7 if you carry on business), file for the part-year, and file PIT-NZ where the exit tax applies.</li>
<li><strong>Cyprus tax residency certificate.</strong> Obtain it and hold it against any Polish enquiry; invoke the treaty for any continuing Polish-source income.</li>
<li><strong>Succession and estate planning.</strong> Review Polish-situated assets and Polish inheritance and gift exposure alongside Cyprus succession; update wills in both jurisdictions.</li>
</ol>

<h2>Sources</h2>
<ul>
<li>Cyprus tax reform legislation &#x2014; passed 22 December 2025, published in the Official Gazette 31 December 2025, applying from 1 January 2026; the amending laws and implementing circulars are indexed under <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/document_topic/legislation-circulars-and-related-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Tax Department &#x2014; Legislation, Circulars and Related Material</a></li>
<li>Cyprus Income Tax Law and Special Contribution for Defence Law, as amended; guidance from the <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cyprus Tax Department</a> and the <a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cyprus Ministry of Finance</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/e-u-e-e-a-citizens-and-family-members-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Migration Department &#x2014; EU/EEA citizens and family members</a>: MEU1 and MEU2 registration. Formerly the Civil Registry and Migration Department; since 2024 it has formed part of the Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection</li>
<li>Polish PIT Act, Articles 30da&#x2013;30di (exit tax &#x2014; the <a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/pit-nz" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="pl">PIT-NZ declaration is published by the Ministry of Finance</a>) and CIT Act, Articles 24f&#x2013;24l; Polish CFC provisions</li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Polish Ministry of Finance</a> and KAS &#x2014; guidance on tax residence, certificates of residence (CFR-1) and change of residence; <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">podatki.gov.pl</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gov.cy/mof-tax/en/documents/tax-residency-domicility/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Cyprus Tax Department &#x2014; Tax Residency and Domicility</a>: the 183-day and 60-day rules, domicile of origin and choice, the 17-of-20-years deemed-domicile rule, and the Article 3D alternative method of imposing SDC (Circular 02/2026, Form TD 631)</li>
<li>Poland&#x2013;Cyprus Double Tax Convention as amended by the <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/media/la0hj2b0/20120322_cypr_protokol_tekst_ang_e.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">Protocol signed 22 March 2012</a> (effective 1 January 2013), as modified by the <a href="https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/topics/policy-sub-issues/beps-mli/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-beps.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">OECD Multilateral Instrument (BEPS MLI)</a> &#x2014; see the Polish Ministry of Finance <a href="https://www.podatki.gov.pl/media/bihfcf3x/dta-poland-cyprus-mli-synthesised-text-clean.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">synthesised text of the convention as modified by the MLI</a></li>
<li>Polish Inheritance and Gift Tax Act &#x2014; groups, allowances and the SD-Z2 exemption; Ministry of Finance announcement on the <a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/nowe-korzystne-zasady-rozliczania-podatku-od-spadkow-i-darowizn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="pl">restoration of a missed SD-Z2 deadline from 7 January 2026</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.pwc.com.cy/en/publications/direct-tax-updates-2026/dtu-n1-2026.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" hreflang="en">PwC Cyprus, Direct Tax Update N-1/2026</a> on the enacted reform, including the deemed-distribution transitional timetable; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries (Poland and Cyprus); EY, KPMG, Deloitte and Grant Thornton Poland alerts on the 2026 health-contribution position and Estonian CIT changes</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="faq">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>

<details><summary>Will I have to pay Polish exit tax if I move to Cyprus?</summary><div class="a"><p>Possibly &#x2014; it depends on what you own. Poland charges 19% on unrealised gains in covered assets, including shares in your own company, when you change tax residence, where those assets exceed PLN 4,000,000 in aggregate market value. No sale is needed and no cash arrives. A PIT-NZ return is due by the seventh day of the month following the change. Instalments over up to five years may be available on application for a move within the EU or EEA, which includes Cyprus, though security and a prolongation fee may be required. Model this with a Polish tax adviser before you take any step toward departure.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>How much does extracting profit from an sp. z o.o. actually cost in 2026?</summary><div class="a"><p>For a standard company, about 34.4% on distributed profit &#x2014; 19% corporate tax, then 19% dividend tax on the remainder. For a small taxpayer on the 9% rate it is roughly 26%. An Estonian CIT structure can bring the effective combined rate to around 20&#x2013;25% where you qualify, though the 2026 widening of the hidden-profits rules made that regime less forgiving of transactions between the company and its shareholders.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>I am on Estonian CIT or flat tax. Does Cyprus still make sense?</summary><div class="a"><p>Sometimes, and less often than headline comparisons suggest. A qualifying Cyprus non-dom pays 0% SDC on dividends against roughly 20&#x2013;25% effective under Estonian CIT, so the recurring gap is real but narrower than the 34.4% comparison. Whether it is worth it depends on how much profit you actually distribute, your exit-tax exposure, and whether you are willing to move your life rather than your paperwork. For many founders distributing modest sums, staying on Estonian CIT is the better answer.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Can I use the Cyprus 60-day rule while keeping my flat in Poland?</summary><div class="a"><p>Cyprus no longer requires you to be free of foreign tax residence, so on the Cyprus side the answer is yes. But Poland decides its own residency independently: if your centre of personal or economic interests stays in Poland, or you spend more than 183 days there, Poland can continue to tax you &#x2014; and keeping a flat is one of the facts pointing that way. The realistic outcome is dual residence resolved by the treaty tie-breaker on your facts, which is a weaker position than a clean break.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>What do I need to show the Polish tax office that I have genuinely left?</summary><div class="a"><p>In practice: a real shift of your centre of vital interests toward Cyprus, evidenced by home, family, and where your economic activity and decisions actually sit; updated details with the tax office on ZAP-3, or NIP-7 if you carry on business; a correct Polish filing for the part-year; and a Cyprus tax residency certificate. There is no single form that switches your residence off &#x2014; it is a question of fact, supported by documents. The exit-tax position must be resolved at the same time.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Does Cyprus corporate tax rising to 15% help or hurt me?</summary><div class="a"><p>Both. It raises the cost of profit at company level from 12.5% to 15%, and it lifts the IP Box effective rate from about 2.5% to about 3%. But it also puts Cyprus above Poland&#x2019;s 14.25% CFC effective-tax threshold, which helps on one gateway of the Polish controlled-foreign-company analysis. That comparison is made on tax actually paid computed under Polish rules, not on the headline rate, so exemptions and reliefs can pull you back below the line. It improves the position; it does not settle it.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Will Poland attribute my Cyprus company&#x2019;s income to me under CFC rules?</summary><div class="a"><p>It can, where you control a low-taxed foreign company earning largely passive income without genuine substance, or where the company is in truth managed from Poland. The 15% Cyprus rate helps with the effective-tax gateway, but control and passive-income tests apply independently. The protection is real substance in Cyprus &#x2014; people, premises and decision-making proportionate to what the company does &#x2014; together with a genuine end to your Polish residency.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>What tax will Poland take on dividends from my Polish company after I move?</summary><div class="a"><p>Polish-source dividends remain taxable in Poland, but the treaty caps the rate at 5% for a Cyprus-resident individual instead of the 19% domestic rate, provided you produce a Cyprus tax residency certificate. A 0% rate is available where the beneficial owner is a company holding at least 10% of the capital directly for an uninterrupted 24 months. Note that tax sparing was abolished by the 2012 Protocol, so credits are given only for tax actually paid.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>Does Cyprus tax my Polish pension?</summary><div class="a"><p>A foreign pension received by a Cyprus tax resident may be taxed under an elective flat regime at 5% above a &#x20AC;5,000 annual exemption, or under the ordinary bands if that is better. The 2026 reform raised the exempt amount from &#x20AC;3,420 to &#x20AC;5,000. State pensions frequently have their own treaty treatment which can keep taxing rights with the source country, so the answer depends on the type of pension &#x2014; take individual advice.</p></div></details>

<details><summary>What about inheritance tax &#x2014; Poland compared with Cyprus?</summary><div class="a"><p>Poland levies inheritance and gift tax at 3&#x2013;7%, 7&#x2013;12% or 12&#x2013;20% depending on the relationship, with allowances of PLN 36,120, 27,090 and 5,733. Close family are fully exempt provided form SD-Z2 is filed within six months; from 7 January 2026 a missed deadline may be restored where the delay was without fault. Cyprus abolished inheritance tax in 2000 and has none. Polish-situated assets generally remain within Polish rules on transfer even after you become a Cyprus tax resident.</p></div></details>

<div class="g-ctabox">
  <h3>Ready to take the next step?</h3>
  <p>Our team advises Polish nationals on Cyprus residency, company formation and tax planning. Get a clear picture of what a move could mean for your specific situation.</p>
  <a class="g-cta primary" href="https://karas-law.com/contact-us/?utm_source=article&amp;utm_medium=guide&amp;utm_campaign=pl_guide">Request an initial consultation &#x2192;</a>
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<div class="g-deskfoot"><img src="https://karas-law.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PARIS-PETRALLIS-150x150.jpg" alt="Paris Petrallis, Lawyer and Polish Desk Coordinator, Antonis K. Karas LLC" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy" decoding="async"><p><strong>Polish Desk</strong><br>Enquiries about this guide are coordinated by <strong><a href="https://karas-law.com/paris-petrallis/">Paris Petrallis</a></strong>, Lawyer and Polish Desk Coordinator. Reach the team at <a href="mailto:info@karas-law.com">info@karas-law.com</a> or <a href="tel:+35724633600">+357 24 633 600</a>.</p></div>

<p id="disclaimer" class="g-fine"><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> This article is provided for information and general guidance purposes only. It does not constitute legal, tax or financial advice, and nothing in it should be relied upon as such. Tax laws change frequently, the positions described are stated as at 7 September 2026, and individual outcomes depend on individual facts. Polish tax consequences &#x2014; in particular exit tax, residency and CFC exposure &#x2014; should be confirmed with an appropriately qualified Polish tax adviser (<em>doradca podatkowy</em>) and Polish legal counsel. Cyprus implementation should be assessed individually. Antonis K. Karas LLC accepts no liability, to the extent permitted by law, for any loss or damage arising from reliance on this general publication. Artificial intelligence tools were used in the production of this article, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 on artificial intelligence (the EU AI Act); the content was reviewed by a human professional before publication.</p>

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  <p class="g-drawer-stage">01 &#x2014; Why Cyprus</p>
  <a href="#s1">1. Why now</a><a href="#s2">2. What Poland taxes</a><a href="#s3">3. The &#x20AC;100 comparison</a><a href="#s4">4. What Cyprus offers</a>
  <p class="g-drawer-stage">02 &#x2014; Can I move?</p>
  <a href="#s5">5. The 60-day rule</a>
  <p class="g-drawer-stage">03 &#x2014; What can go wrong?</p>
  <a href="#s6">6. Poland&#x2019;s exit tax</a><a href="#s7">7. CFC &amp; substance</a><a href="#s8">8. The PL&#x2013;CY treaty</a>
  <p class="g-drawer-stage">04 &#x2014; How to do it properly</p>
  <a href="#s9">9. Worked examples</a><a href="#s10">10. Living in Cyprus</a><a href="#s11">11. Immigration steps</a><a href="#s12">12. The correct sequence</a>
  <p class="g-drawer-stage">Reference</p>
  <a href="#faq">FAQ</a><a href="#disclaimer">Disclaimer</a>
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<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-tax-planning-for-polish-nationals-the-2026-guide/">Cyprus Tax Planning for Polish Nationals: The 2026 Guide</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>Cyprus Now Accepting Applications for the EU Blue Card</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/cyprus-now-accepting-applications-for-the-eu-blue-card/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2025 12:10:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=3339</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The Migration Department of the Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection of the Republic of Cyprus has officially commenced the acceptance of applications for the issuance of the European Union (EU) Blue Card. The EU Blue Card is a residence and work permit designed for highly qualified third-country nationals, allowing them to live and [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-now-accepting-applications-for-the-eu-blue-card/">Cyprus Now Accepting Applications for the EU Blue Card</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Migration Department of the Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection of the Republic of Cyprus has officially commenced the acceptance of applications for the issuance of the European Union (EU) Blue Card.</p>
<p>The EU Blue Card is a residence and work permit designed for highly qualified third-country nationals, allowing them to live and work in the Republic of Cyprus, as well as in most EU Member States—excluding Denmark and Ireland, which do not participate in the scheme.</p>
<p>In Cyprus, the EU Blue Card facilitates highly qualified employment in designated sectors, offering enhanced opportunities for skilled professionals. The following sectors are eligible for highly qualified employment:</p>
<p><strong>(a)</strong> Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)<br />
<strong>(b)</strong> Pharmaceutical sector, specifically for research purposes<br />
<strong>(c)</strong> Maritime sector (excluding captains and ship crew)</p>
<p>The minimum gross annual salary for employment in these sectors is set at €43,632.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Antonis K. Karas L.L.C</strong>, has strived to uphold the highest standards of excellence in the dynamic fields of Migration and Investment.<br />
We are dedicated to being more than just legal advisors; we are your partners in progress, offering clarity and strategic guidance every step of the way.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-now-accepting-applications-for-the-eu-blue-card/">Cyprus Now Accepting Applications for the EU Blue Card</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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		<title>Cyprus Advances Smart Regulation with Transposition of EU Blue Card Directive</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/cyprus-advances-smart-regulation-with-transposition-of-eu-blue-card-directive/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2025 13:19:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=3297</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In line with the &#8220;Smart Regulation&#8221; framework, which encompasses the entire policy-making cycle and enhances the consultation process with legislation’s end recipients, the Republic of Cyprus has introduced a draft bill to transpose Directive 2021/1883 into national law. This Directive, commonly referred to as the &#8220;Blue Card Directive,&#8221; establishes the conditions for the entry and [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-advances-smart-regulation-with-transposition-of-eu-blue-card-directive/">Cyprus Advances Smart Regulation with Transposition of EU Blue Card Directive</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In line with the &#8220;Smart Regulation&#8221; framework, which encompasses the entire policy-making cycle and enhances the consultation process with legislation’s end recipients, the Republic of Cyprus has introduced a draft bill to transpose Directive 2021/1883 into national law. This Directive, commonly referred to as the &#8220;Blue Card Directive,&#8221; establishes the conditions for the entry and residence of third-country nationals seeking highly skilled employment within the European Union.</p>
<p>The Directive and the accompanying Bill outline the criteria for third-country nationals to reside in Cyprus for periods exceeding three months. Additionally, the legislation facilitates mobility within member states by recognizing other member states as second member states for these purposes.</p>
<p>Key provisions of the Bill include:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Entry and Residence Conditions:</strong> Defines the requirements for third-country nationals to enter and reside in Cyprus for highly skilled employment for periods longer than three months.</li>
<li><strong>Mobility Provisions:</strong> Allows third-country nationals to move between member states, recognizing other member states as second member states to promote workforce mobility.</li>
<li><strong>Rights of Workers and Families:</strong> Establishes the rights of highly skilled third-country nationals and their family members, ensuring access to employment opportunities and associated benefits.</li>
</ul>
<p>The Bill incorporates the mandatory provisions of the Directive directly into national law, ensuring compliance with EU requirements. Additionally, it includes optional provisions, granting Cyprus the flexibility to adapt certain aspects of the legislation to better suit national needs and circumstances.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages of the EU Blue Card Over National Permits</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Mobility Within the EU</strong>:
<ul>
<li><strong>Short-Term Mobility</strong>: The Blue Card allows its holder short-term mobility, meaning they can enter and stay in other EU Member States for up to 90 days within any 180-day period without additional formalities.</li>
<li><strong>Long-Term Mobility</strong>: After 12 months of residence in Cyprus, a Blue Card holder and their family members can relocate to a second Member State for the purpose of highly skilled employment.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Access to Long-Term Resident Status</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Under more favorable provisions of the Directive, a Blue Card holder can accumulate periods of residence in different Member States to meet the duration requirement for obtaining long-term resident status.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Temporary Unemployment</strong>:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li>A Blue Card holder retains the permit during specific periods of unemployment, ensuring continued legal status.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The practical implementation of the Blue Card in the Republic of Cyprus has not yet been finalized. The Migration Department will issue an official announcement once the specific details are determined.</p>
<p><strong><em>Antonis K. Karas L.L.C</em></strong>, has strived to uphold the highest standards of excellence in corporate and commercial law, particularly in the dynamic fields of migration and investment.</p>
<p>We are dedicated to being more than just legal advisors; we are your partners in progress, offering clarity and strategic guidance every step of the way.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cyprus-advances-smart-regulation-with-transposition-of-eu-blue-card-directive/">Cyprus Advances Smart Regulation with Transposition of EU Blue Card Directive</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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		<title>LONG TERM RESIDENCY</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/revised-criteria-for-cypriot-citizenship/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jul 2024 10:14:25 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=2836</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/revised-criteria-for-cypriot-citizenship/">LONG TERM RESIDENCY</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid bg-image-ps-inherit"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
	<div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " >
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			<h2><strong>Long-Term Resident Status in Cyprus</strong></h2>
<p style="text-align: left;">The EU Directive 2003/109/EC on long-term residence aims to harmonize the conditions of residence for non-EU nationals, ensuring they enjoy rights comparable to those of EU citizens. This directive provides a pathway for third-country nationals who have legally resided in an EU member state for a continuous period of five years to apply for long-term resident status. This status offers numerous benefits, including enhanced mobility within the EU, access to the labor market, education, and social security systems.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The Republic of Cyprus has adopted the above Directive provides the status of a long-term resident to third-country nationals residing in the areas controlled by the Government and meet certain requirements and criteria.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Eligibility Criteria:</strong> To qualify for the LTR status, applicants must:<br />
• Be third-country nationals.<br />
• Have legally and continuously resided in Cyprus for the past five years prior to application.<br />
Periods of absence from the areas controlled by the government of the Republic do not interrupt the period of residence and are taken into account in its calculation, as long as they are less than six consecutive months and do not exceed a total of ten months during the last five years prior to submission of the application.<br />
• Hold a valid residence permit.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Main Requirements:</strong> Applicants need to demonstrate:</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">• Sufficient maintenance resources.<br />
• Health insurance to ensure they do not become a burden on the Republic&#8217;s Welfare System.<br />
• Adequate knowledge of the Greek language at level A2.<br />
• Adequate knowledge of basic elements of contemporary political and social reality of the Republic. The exams are organized by the Examinations Service of the Cyprus Ministry of Education, Sports, and Youth.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Residence in the Republic:</strong><br />
• The initial LTR permit is issued for five years.<br />
• It is automatically renewable upon application, with no time limit, allowing for up to ten years of usage.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Rights of Long-Term Residents:</strong> Holders of the LTR status enjoy equal treatment with Cypriot citizens, particularly in:</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">• Access to paid employment.<br />
• Engaging in independent professional activities.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Antonis K. Karas L.L.C</strong>, has strived to uphold the highest standards of excellence in corporate and commercial law, particularly in the dynamic fields of migration and investment.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">We are dedicated to being more than just legal advisors; we are your partners in progress, offering clarity and strategic guidance every step of the way.</p>

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<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/revised-criteria-for-cypriot-citizenship/">LONG TERM RESIDENCY</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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		<title>CYPRIOT CITIZENSHIP</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/cypriot-citizenship/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 2024 13:17:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=2832</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Recent Revisions in Citizenship Applications The qualifications for naturalization, pursuant to Article 111B (1) of the Civil Registry Law, which must collectively be met to submit an application for naturalization have been revised. Cyprus has recently undergone significant revisions to its citizenship requirements, marking a pivotal shift in its naturalization process. One of the notable [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cypriot-citizenship/">CYPRIOT CITIZENSHIP</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Recent Revisions in Citizenship Applications</strong></p>
<p>The qualifications for naturalization, pursuant to Article 111B (1) of the Civil Registry Law, which must collectively be met to submit an application for naturalization have been revised.<br />
Cyprus has recently undergone significant revisions to its citizenship requirements, marking a pivotal shift in its naturalization process. One of the notable amendments involves mandatory language tests for citizenship applicants, introducing new criteria and expectations.</p>
<p><strong>Language Proficiency Requirements</strong></p>
<p>According to the recent amendment, individuals applying for Cypriot citizenship must demonstrate proficiency in the Greek language. This requirement is specified at either the higher B1 level or the lower A2 level, depending on the applicant&#8217;s status.<br />
The evaluation of language tests will be conducted by an ad-hoc committee comprising representatives from competent Ministries.</p>
<p><strong>Additional Criteria: History and Culture Tests</strong></p>
<p>In addition to language proficiency, some applicants will need to demonstrate knowledge of the contemporary political and social reality of Cyprus. This entails passing a history and culture test, further enriching the citizenship application process.<br />
In addition, and as per above the applicants must meet the below criteria:<br />
(a) Legal and continuous residence for 12 months immediately preceding the date of application submission. Periods of absence not exceeding a total of 90 days do not interrupt the aforementioned time frame.<br />
(b) During the immediately preceding 10 years from the 12-month period, legal residence for cumulative periods not less than 7 years.<br />
(c) Good character.<br />
(d) Adequate knowledge of the Greek language at level B1.<br />
(e) Adequate knowledge of basic elements of contemporary political and social reality of the Republic.<br />
(f) Suitable accommodation and stable and regular financial resources sufficient for the maintenance of the applicant and their family members.<br />
(g) Intention to reside in the Republic.<br />
In the calculation of residence, the years spent as a student, applicant for international protection, holder of subsidiary or temporary protection are not counted.</p>
<p><strong>Expedited Citizenship for Highly Skilled Personnel</strong></p>
<p>According to Article 111B (2), the qualifications vary for persons residing in the Republic for the purpose of high-skilled employment in companies (i.e. high qualified y Director, Specialist, Key personnel) as determined by the Ministerial Council Decision regarding the Strategy for Attracting Companies for Activity or Expansion of their Activities, as well as for their family members. This category includes the following categories of businesses/companies:</p>
<p>• Foreign interest companies operating in the Republic of Cyprus with autonomous offices in Cyprus, housed in suitable spaces separate from any private residence or other office,<br />
• Cypriot shipping companies,<br />
• Cypriot high-tech/innovation companies with products related to the aerospace and space industry, computers, information technology sector, technologies and communications, pharmaceutical products, biomedical equipment, research and development equipment, electrical machinery, chemical substances, non-electrical machinery,<br />
• Cypriot pharmaceutical companies or Cypriot companies active in the fields of biotechnology and biotechnology, and<br />
• Companies already registered in the Registry of Foreign Companies of the Civil and Migration Department.</p>
<p>The qualifications for persons falling within the provisions of Article 111B (2), as well as for their family members, which must be met cumulatively, are as follows:<br />
(a) Legal and continuous residence for 12 months immediately preceding the date of application submission. Periods of absence not exceeding a total of 90 days annually are not counted as absence.<br />
(b) During the immediately preceding 10 years from the 12-month period, legal residence for periods not less than four (4) years or three (3) years depending on the level of knowledge of the Greek language, i.e., A2 or B1 respectively. Periods of absence not exceeding a total of 90 days annually are not counted as absence.<br />
(c) Good character.<br />
(d) Adequate knowledge of the Greek language at level A2 (four years) or B1 (three years)<br />
(e) Adequate knowledge of basic elements of contemporary political and social reality of the Republic.<br />
(f) Suitable accommodation and stable and regular financial resources sufficient for the maintenance of the applicant and their family members.<br />
(g) Intention to reside in the Republic.</p>
<p>Eligible to apply will be also individuals regardless of their residence status provided that they:<br />
• receive a minimum gross monthly salary in the amount of €2500<br />
• hold a university diploma or title or an equivalent qualification or certificates of experience in a corresponding employment position lasting 2 years (e.g. tax returns).</p>
<p>Individuals falling under the above must provide a certificate either from the Business Facilitation Unit or from the Population and Immigration Registry Department confirming that the company meets the criteria of the Decision.</p>
<p><em><strong>Antonis K. Karas L.L.C</strong> </em>is a reputable corporate and commercial law firm with a vast client base, international experience and proficiency in a wide range of business areas.<br />
We are at your disposal for any questions you may have, or any clarifications needed.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/cypriot-citizenship/">CYPRIOT CITIZENSHIP</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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		<title>Important Update on Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) Registration</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/2740-2/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Nov 2023 13:51:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=2740</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>We would like to bring to your attention an important announcement from the Department of Registrar of Companies and Intellectual Property regarding the registration of Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) details in the Registry of Ultimate Beneficial Owners (RUBO). Implementation of the &#8220;Final Solution&#8221; Electronic System for UBO We are pleased to inform you that the [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/2740-2/">Important Update on Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) Registration</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We would like to bring to your attention an important announcement from the Department of Registrar of Companies and Intellectual Property regarding the registration of Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) details in the Registry of Ultimate Beneficial Owners (RUBO).</p>
<p><strong>Implementation of the &#8220;Final Solution&#8221; Electronic System for UBO</strong></p>
<p>We are pleased to inform you that the implementation of the &#8220;final solution&#8221; for the electronic UBO system will commence on November 14, 2023. This system will play a crucial role in ensuring transparency and compliance with UBO regulations.</p>
<p><strong>Action Required for All Organizations</strong></p>
<p>All companies established or registered under the Companies Law, Chapter 113, all European Public Limited Liability Companies (SE), and all Cooperatives, or their officials/partners, are mandated to enter the &#8220;final solution” system and perform the &#8220;Initial Registration&#8221; action. This action requires updating or re-entering corporate data, even if such information has previously been submitted through the &#8220;intermediate solution&#8221; system.</p>
<p><strong>Phase A &#8211; No Fines During This Period</strong><br />
Phase A of the implementation will span approximately 1 ½ months, from November 14, 2023, to December 31, 2023. During this phase, no fines will be imposed, offering organizations an opportunity to ensure compliance without financial penalties.</p>
<p><strong>Phase B &#8211; Fines for Non-Compliance</strong></p>
<p>However, organizations that fail to enter the &#8220;final solution&#8221; system during Phase A to perform the &#8220;Initial Registration&#8221; action will be subject to fines. This fine will be effective from January 1, 2024, and will continue until the date of the &#8220;Initial Registration&#8221; action when the final solution system will be updated with UBO information.<br />
Phase C &#8211; The following actions will be available:<br />
1. Updating the Registry of Ultimate Beneficial Owners<br />
2. Confirmation of Ultimate Beneficial Owners<br />
3. Correspondence<br />
4. Electronic Searches in the Registry of Ultimate Beneficial Owners<br />
5. Requests for exemption from disclosure of information<br />
6. Requests for access to the data of a minor<br />
7. Calculations of financial charges where applicable</p>
<p>We encourage all organizations to familiarize themselves with these actions and ensure that they are in compliance with the regulatory framework.</p>
<p><strong>Antonis K. Karas L.L.C</strong> is a reputable corporate and commercial law firm with a vast client base, international experience and proficiency in a wide range of business areas.</p>
<p>Our consulting service extents on formation, acquisition and dissolution of companies and partnerships in Cyprus, management and domiciliation services and assistance with day-to-day commercial matters, and assistance and support with all corporate, mergers and acquisitions and securities matters.</p>
<p>We are at your disposal for any questions you may have, or any clarifications needed.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/2740-2/">Important Update on Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) Registration</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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		<title>Clarifications on Revised criteria for PR applications under 6.2 (2.5.2023)</title>
		<link>https://karas-law.com/clarifications-on-revised-criteria-for-pr-applications-under-6-2-2-5-2023/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Sep 2023 11:26:25 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://karas-law.com/?p=2665</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>IMPORTANT NOTIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION Regarding the 4th revision entered into force on 02/05/2023 concerning of the criteria for granting an immigration permit within the scope of the expedited procedure to applicants who are third-country nationals and invest in Cyprus the below was clarified by the relevant authorities: REMITTANCE/ TRANSFER FROM ABROAD FOR THE INVESTMENT The [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/clarifications-on-revised-criteria-for-pr-applications-under-6-2-2-5-2023/">Clarifications on Revised criteria for PR applications under 6.2 (2.5.2023)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><u>IMPORTANT NOTIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION</u></strong></p>
<p><strong>Regarding the 4th revision entered into force on 02/05/2023 concerning of the criteria for granting an immigration permit within the scope of the expedited procedure to applicants who are third-country nationals and invest in Cyprus the below was clarified by the relevant authorities: </strong></p>
<p><strong><u>REMITTANCE/ TRANSFER FROM ABROAD FOR THE INVESTMENT</u></strong></p>
<p>The money from abroad that will be used for the investment can also be transferred to Cyprus from a company’s bank account, in which the applicant and/or his/her spouse are the sole shareholders, provided that the shareholder is included in the application. The same applies to the amount of the investment&#8217;s value to be paid into the seller&#8217;s account at a Cypriot financial institution.</p>
<p><strong><u>EVIDENCE FOR THE SECURED ANNUAL INCOME</u></strong></p>
<p>The annual income of the applicant can be proven either through his/her tax return declaration from the country where he/she declares tax resident or through official certificates from an independent Certified Accountant.</p>
<p><strong><u>MONITORING MECHANISM</u></strong></p>
<p><strong>A)</strong> Regarding the monitoring mechanism for the adherence to the criteria and maintaining the investment, the requirement for <strong>annual submission of proof</strong> that the applicant maintains the <strong>income</strong> determined for him/herself and his/her family members is <strong>abolished</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>B)</strong> The <strong>applicant and the adult members of his/her family are obliged</strong> to submit a clean <strong>criminal record certificate</strong> from their country of origin and their country of residence <strong>every three years, instead of annually</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>C)</strong> The <strong>requirement</strong> for the applicant to provide evidence <strong>of maintaining the investment</strong> on <strong>an annual basis</strong>, as well as the fact that the <strong>applicant and his/her family members are holders of a health insurance certificate</strong> in case they no longer continue to be beneficiaries of GESY, <strong>remains valid</strong>.</p>
<p>Following a decision by the Minister of the Interior, applicants who have <strong>proven</strong> that <strong>Purchase Agreement/ Contract of Sale has been lodged</strong> at the Land Registry from <strong>02/01/2022 to 28/04/2023</strong> will be able to submit applications <strong>with</strong> the previous criteria <strong>valid from 24/03/2021.</strong><strong></p>
<p></strong>It is clarified that regarding the inclusion in applications of dependents (either parents, students, or spouses and minor children), the above applies only when these applications are submitted simultaneously with the main applicant&#8217;s application. In cases where dependents&#8217; applications are submitted in a different period, the new criteria will apply.</p>
<p><strong><em>Antonis K. Karas L.L.C </em></strong>is a reputable corporate and commercial law firm with a vast client base, international experience and proficiency in a wide range of business areas.</p>
<p>We are at your disposal for any questions you may have, or any clarifications needed.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://karas-law.com/clarifications-on-revised-criteria-for-pr-applications-under-6-2-2-5-2023/">Clarifications on Revised criteria for PR applications under 6.2 (2.5.2023)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://karas-law.com">ANTONIS K. KARAS L.L.C.</a>.</p>
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